汉字文化学理论视角下《康熙字典》龙部字的文化解读

The Long(龙)Travels in China:A Restricted View of Cultural Implication on Ancient Chinese Long in the Long Boot of Kangxi Dictionary

龙是中国古代传说的神异动物,为中华民族最具代表性的传统文化精华。汉字乃忠实记录中华文明的语言编码与表意体系,而《康熙字典》集历代字书之大成,属收录汉字最多的古代字典,故以《康熙字典》龙部字为分析文本,从汉字文化学理论视角集中剖阐后证实:中华先民知龙识龙,通过命名分类建构了一体大思精、井然有序之龙族谱系;受万物有灵原始思维影响,龙衍生为人类认识世界、解释世界、建构世界的通灵神兽、部落圣物及民族图腾;因龙兼容并包、神通广大等突出地位为封建皇权所垄断,逐渐跃升为古代中国的政治符号、权力话语与世界秩序,龙威龙韵波及东亚乃至全球的丝绸之路、汉字文化圈,经过现代人文全新演绎最终凝固为中华民族全员公认的国族徽识。

The Long(龙)is a magical animal in ancient legends.After ancient sages and sages looked up at it,mapped its meaning,and made characters with symbols,it finally solidified into a cultural form with great national characteristics and far-reaching influence.Chinese characters are the ideographic system that faithfully records Chinese civilization.Kangxi Dictionary,as a collection of dictionaries of past dynasties,has a total of 49174 Chinese characters arranged in radicals,which can be used as an excellent sample and corpus historical data for a glimpse of the meaning of the Long culture.Taking the Long boot character ofKangxi Dic⁃tionary as the object of investigation,after a thorough analysis from the perspective of Chinese character cul⁃ture,it is found that the Chinese ancestors were quite familiar with the characteristics and attributes of the Long.They classified it clearly and named it accurately,and constructed a complete system.Under the influ⁃ence of the primitive religious beliefs of animism,the Long gradually developed into a psychic mythical beast,tribal sacred objects and even national totems that humans understand nature,explain mysteries,and embody feelings.In particular,because the Long is inclusive,grand and powerful,it was later monopolized by feudal imperial power and leaped to the political symbols,power discourse and world order of ancient China.Its repu⁃tation radiated to the silk road and the cultural circle of Chinese characters in east Asia and even the world,