清末贵州荒政研究--以《毕节赈录》为中心

A Study of Guizhou Famine Administration in the Late Qing Dynasty--Focusing on Bijie Relief Record

清末刘大琮编纂的《毕节赈录》保存了有关光绪二十六年毕节县赈灾救荒行动的条例、告示与收支统计情况,对于研究贵州地方历史具有较高的史料价值,学界还没有对《毕节赈录》做出专门讨论。《毕节赈录》从灾荒背景、地方救荒措施和收支统计等方面认识到此次救荒所体现出的合作性、临时性以及救荒在保障地区农业生产,稳定社会秩序方面发挥积极作用,但是也反映出清末贵州地方政府受多种因素限制,在防灾、减灾方面所存在的行政缺陷。

The records of Bijie relief compiled by Liu Dacong in the late Qing dynasty preserved the rele⁃vant regulations and notices of Bijie relief in the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu,including de⁃tailed statistics of relief revenue and expenditure.Through the analysis of Bijie relief record,it is realized that there is no difference between the relief action of the local government and that of previous dynasties.The cen⁃tral dynasty,local government,officials and even gentry and businessmen participated in it to varying degrees.However,it reflects the defects of Guizhou local government in disaster prevention and reduction in the late Qing dynasty,the imperfection of relief measures due to the limitation of funds and administrative capacity,and the lack of food production.