豫东北黄泛区易风蚀性土壤特征

Characteristics of Wind-Erodible Soil in the Yellow River Alluvial Area of Northeast Henan Province

为分析不同土壤类型的性质、界定易风蚀性土壤类型并探索其特征,选取豫东北黄泛区为研究区域,采用野外取样、室内试验分析结合的方法测定土壤颗粒粒径、可蚀性因子K值等指标,界定区域易风蚀性土壤类型,并分析其空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)从土类看,豫东北黄泛区4种土类,以潮土为主,占区域面积的65.57%;从亚类看,共11种土壤亚类,以小两合土、沙土为主,占区域面积的59.76%。(2)土壤颗粒粒径组成上,沙土、草甸风沙土、盐化潮土、淤土等类型以砂粒为主;其余类型以粉粒为主。沙土、草甸风沙土、灌淤潮土、盐化潮土等类型易蚀颗粒含量较高,处于28.30%~31.36%范围内。草甸碱土、两合土、小两合土的土壤可蚀性因子K值相对较高,范围为0.038~0.041。(3)综合考虑易蚀颗粒含量≥25%和可蚀性属中等及以上2个指标,将沙土、草甸风沙土、灌淤潮土、盐化潮土、脱潮土界定为区域易风蚀性土壤。易风蚀性土壤面积占研究区的41.79%,主要分布在中牟县、祥符区、尉氏县等区域。研究结果可为黄泛区后续土壤研究及风蚀防治提供参考和科学依据。

In order to analyze the properties of different soil types,and define the types of wind-erodible soil and explore their characteristics,the Yellow River Alluvial Area of Northeast Henan Province was taken as the research area.Field sampling and indoor experiment analysis were used to determine soil particle size,erodibility factor K value and other indicators,and then defined the types of wind-erodible soil in the area,and analyzed its spatial distribution feature.The main research results showed that:(1)In terms of soil types,there were four soil types in the Yellow River Alluvial Area of Northeast Henan,mainly fluvo-aquic soil,accounting for 65.57%of the area.In terms of subtypes,there were 11 soil subtypes.The main types were small zhejiang soil and sandy soil,accounting for 59.76%of the area.(2)In terms of the particle size composition of the soil,sandy soil,meadow aeolian sandy soil,salinized fluvo-aquic soil,and silt soil were dominated by sand.Other types were dominated by silt.Sandy soil,meadow aeolian sandy soil,irrigated fluvo-aquic soil,salinized fluvo-aquic soil had higher levels of erodible particles,with the range of 28.30%~31.36%.The K value of meadow alkaline soil,zhejiang soil and small zhejiang soil were relatively high,with the range of 0.038~0.041.(3)Comprehensively consider the two indicators of‘the content of erodible particles≥25%’and‘the erodibility is medium and above’,and the sandy soil,meadow windy sandy soil,irrigated and silted fluvo-aquic soil,salinized fluvo-aquic soil and degraded Fluvo-aquic soil were defined as regional wind-erodible soil.The wind-erodible soil area accounted for 41.79%of the study area,mainly in Zhongmou County,Xiangfu District,Weishi County and other regions.The results could provide reference and scientific basis for soil research and wind erosion control in the Yellow River Alluvial Area.