数据、算法驱动型不正当竞争行为的规制路径--兼评《禁止网络不正当竞争行为规定(公开征求意见稿)》

The Regulation Path of Data and Algorithm Driven Unfair Competition

在数字经济视野下,数据与算法共同构成数字经济迭代发展的支点。虽然数据、算法本身属于价值中性的技术手段,但经营者出于自私逐利目的,有可能实施数据、算法驱动型不正当竞争行为,以致损害公平与正当的市场竞争秩序。基于反不正当竞争法视角,为了系统性规制数据、算法驱动型不正当竞争行为,公权力机关有必要将“可持续发展的社会整体效益”设定为多元利益衡量基准,并细化厘定数据、算法驱动型不正当竞争行为的方式要件、结果要件。在这一前提下,公权力机关还应当进一步建构关于数据、算法驱动型不正当竞争行为的类型化界分与规制机制,系统性区分非效能竞争风险类型与阻滞竞争风险类型的不正当竞争行为,以实现更加精准与高效地发现、甄别与处置数据、算法驱动型不正当竞争行为的目标。

In the context of the digital economy,data and algorithms together constitute the fulcrum of the iterative development of the digital economy.Although data and algorithms themselves are value-neutral technical means,in order to pursue profits,operators may implement data and algorithm-based acts of unfair competition,which will damage the fair and legitimate market competition order.According to the Anti-Unfair Competition Law,in order to regulate data and algorithm-based acts of unfair competition,it is necessary for public authorities to set the overall social benefits of sustainable development as a benchmark for multiple interests and determine the patterns and results of data,algorithm-based acts of unfair competition.Under this premise,the public authorities should also construct a mechanism for distinguishing and regulating data and algorithm-based acts of unfair competition,distinguishing non-efficiency competition risk type from blocking competition risk type,in order to more accurately and efficiently discover,screen and regulate data,algorithm-based acts of unfair competition.