摘要
以小麦—玉米轮作[WM,玉米秸秆还田量分别为3 t/hm^(2)(WM3)、6 t/hm^(2)(WM6)、9 t/hm^(2)(WM9)]为对照,分析大球盖菇—玉米轮作(SM,玉米秸秆投入量为120 t/hm^(2))下秸秆降解率、秸秆木质纤维素组分、土壤理化性质、作物产量及经济效益的变化,旨在为促进秸秆高效转化及土壤肥力提升提供新思路。结果表明,与WM处理相比,SM处理秸秆降解率(73.1%)显著提高了35.4~46.7个百分点,残留秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素、木质素含量分别显著降低了40.7%~57.1%、29.9%~50.2%、12.1%~17.3%;SM处理土壤含水量较WM处理显著提高了5.4~8.7个百分点,且分别较WM3、WM6处理显著降低了土壤容重(9.4%、6.5%)、增加了土壤孔隙度(5.7、4.0个百分点);SM处理土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾含量分别较WM处理显著提高了17.7%~31.1%、42.2%~65.9%、14.2%~24.5%,同时,SM处理土壤碱解氮含量较WM3处理显著提高了18.5%。SM处理大球盖菇和玉米产量分别为33543.1、10266.9 kg/hm^(2),其中玉米产量较WM处理显著提高了13.9%~22.9%,但WM3、WM6、WM9处理之间玉米产量差异不显著。SM处理经济效益较WM处理增加了9.66万~9.91万元/hm^(2)。综上所述,大球盖菇—玉米轮作不仅能够促进秸秆降解、提高土壤肥力,而且还能够增加经济效益,是实现秸秆资源化高效利用及土壤肥力提升的一种有效措施。
With the wheat‑maize rotation[WM,3 t/ha(WM3),6 t/ha(WM6)and 9 t/ha(WM9)maize straws were returned to the field]as control,the effects of Stropharia rugosoannulata‑maize rotation(SM,total maize straw input was 120 t/ha)on straw degradation rate,straw lignocellulosic components,soil physico‑chemical properties,crop yields and economic benefits were studied,so as to provide new ideasfor promoting straw conversion and improving soil fertility.The results showed that,the straw degradation rate of SM treatment was 73.1%,which significantly increased by 35.4—46.7 percentage points compared with WM treatments.Compared with WM treatments,the contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin of residual straws of SM treatment significantly decreased by 40.7%—57.1%,29.9%—50.2%and 12.1%—17.3%,respectively.The soil water content of SM treatment significantly increased by 5.4—8.7 percentage points compared with WM treatments,soil bulk density of SM treatment significantly decreased by 9.4%and 6.5%compared with WM3 and WM6 treatments,and soil porosity of SM treatment significantly increased by 5.7 and 4.0 percentage points compared with WM3 and WM6 treatments.The contents of soil organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium of SM treatment significantly increased by 17.7%—31.1%,42.2%—65.9%and 14.2%—24.5%compared with WM treatments,and soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content of SM treatment significantly increased by 18.5%compared with WM3 treatment.The yields of Stropharia rugosoannulata and maize of SM treatment were 33543.1 kg/ha and 10266.9 kg/ha,and maize yield of SM treatment significantly increased by 13.9%—22.9%compared with WM treatments,but maize yields were not significantly different among WM3,WM6 and WM9 treatments.The economic benefit of SM treatment increased by 96600—99100 Yuan/ha compared with WM treatments.In conclusion,Stropharia rugosoannulata‑maize rotation can not only promote straw degradation and improve soil fertility,but also increase economic benefit,so it is an effective measure to realize straw resources utilization and soil fertility improvement.
作者
刘高远
和爱玲
杜君
薛广原
杨焕焕
杨占平
潘秀燕
许纪东
张玉亭
LIU Gaoyuan;HE Ailing;DU Jun;XUE Guangyuan;YANG Huanhuan;YANG Zhanping;PAN Xiuyan;XU Jidong;ZHANG Yuting(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Suiping Experimental Station of Agricultural Sciences,Suiping 463199,China)
出处
《河南农业科学》
北大核心
2021年第10期60-68,共9页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
河南省博士后科研项目(201903052)
国家重点研究计划项目(2018YFD0200605)
河南省农业科学院新兴学科发展专项(2020XK09)。
关键词
大球盖菇
玉米秸秆还田
秸秆降解
土壤改良
产量
经济效益
Stropharia rugosoannulata
Maize straw returning to field
Straw degradation
Soil improvement
Yield
Economic benefit