武德及其文化归因--基于民间武术群体的调查

Wushu Virtue and Its Cultural Causes--Based on Survey of Folk Wushu Groups

武德是武者行事的道德标准,具有引导和规范武者行为的作用。研究阐释了武德标准及其文化成因,有助于大众理解民间武者行为方式的正当性。采用文献资料法和访谈法,发现武德体现在五个方面:(1)弟子在行为上要谨遵师命;(2)坚持不懈地提升技艺;(3)不夸大自身的求真之德;(4)比试切磋中的守约之德;(5)相互“捧场”之德等。支撑武德的传统文化因素包括:(1)中华传统的“孝”文化;(2)“勇者不惧”的价值理念;(3)“知行合一”的务实追求;(4)从他者视角出发的“移情思维”;(5)人情社会中的“面子文化”。民间武德维持了民间武术的秩序,促进了社会稳定,它适于民间武术群体而又具有一定的局限,不同范围的武术群体应依据中华美德和自身现实情况,构建与时俱进的崭新的武德体系。

Wushu virtue is the moral standard of the action of Wushuers,which has the function of guiding and regulating the behavior of Wushu people.The interpretation of the standard of Wushu morality and its cultural causes is helpful for the public to understand the legitimacy of folk Wushuers’behaviors.Through method of literature and interview,martial virtues are embodied in five aspects:(1)disciples should follow their teacher’s instructions in their deeds;(2)constantly improving their skills;(3)never exaggerate oneself as truth-seeking virtues;(4)the virtue of keeping covenant in competition;(5)the virtue of support each other.The traditional cultural factors supporting martial virtues include:(1)the traditional Chinese culture of filial piety;(2)the value concept of“the brave are not afraid”;(3)the pragmatic pursuit of“unity of knowledge and practice”;(4)“empathic thinking”from the perspective of the other;(5)“face culture”in human society.Folk Wushu virtue,making wushu groups well-ordered and social stability,is suitable to Wushu folkers only.Different groups should establish their own Wushu virtue according to Chinese virtue and their reality.