汉代父老与官方的互动关系探论

An Exploration of the Interaction Between Patriarchs and Officials in the Han Dynasty

汉代父老或认同循吏良政,响应官方号令,或抵制朝廷政令,官方则多响应父老建议,二者合作治政、惩恶、平乱,共同推动地方政治的良性运行,形成一种以顺应合作为主的协调性互动。这种互动的社会基础是父老群体通过年长德艾、事长于人形成的社会威望和教化权力。小农经济支持下的宗法社会体制是父老得以长存并在民间社会和地方治理中发挥巨大作用的根本原因。

During the Han Dynasty,the patriarchs either agreed with the good policies of the officials and responded to the official orders or resisted the imperial decrees,while the officials responded to the suggestions of the patriarchs,and the two cooperated in governing,punishing evil,and pacifying chaos,and jointly promoted the benign operation of local politics,forming a harmonious interaction based on compliance and cooperation.The social foundation of this interaction is the social prestige and edifying power of the patriarchs through their seniority and moral authority.The patriarchal social system supported by the small peasant economy was the fundamental reason why the patriarchs survived and played a great role in civil society and local governance.