流程内外:汉代的“飞书”与匿名信

Inside and Outside the Process:the“Feishu”and Anonymous Letter in the Han Dynasty

飞书及类似表述如飞章、飞条等,多见于汉代史册记载。唐代人认为,飞书性质是匿名信。学界相关研究多基于这一认识展开。在汉代,飞书与匿名信间差别明显。匿名信无法进入正常的政务处理流程,飞书则可以。汉人习惯将"飞""蜚""诽"通用。史家将具有诽谤性质的文书称为飞书,其中含有褒贬之意。

Feishu(飞书)and similar expressions,such as Feizhang(飞章),Feitiao(飞条),are mostly recorded in the historical records of the Han Dynasty.People in the Tang Dynasty believed that Feishu referred to anonymous letters in nature.The related researches in academic circles are mostly based on this understanding.In the Han Dynasty,there was a significant difference between Feishu and anonymous letters.Anonymous letters can’t enter the normal process of government affairs,while Feishu can.People of the Han Dynasty used to use the characters"飞","蜚"and"诽"interchangebly.Historians call the defamatory documents Feishu,which has pejorative meaning.