《史记·匈奴列传》所见“史迁笔法”辨析四题——兼论司马迁“求同存异”的民族思想

Four Issues of“Sima Qian’s Writing Technique”in Biography of the Huns of Records of the Grand Historian——Also on Sima Qian’s national thought of“seeking common ground while reserving differences”

司马迁遭遇"李陵之祸"后,续作《匈奴列传》运用了"错乱""对比反衬"等"史迁笔法"隐讳表达个人的真实政论与民族思想。通过"互见"《史记》各篇目相关内容,分析出"各有分地""毋城郭常处耕田之业"与"王恢之死"呈现"错乱"之笔记述,"强使中行说"与"天子罢(庄)参"和"约为兄弟""单于以下皆亲汉"与"丈人行也""单于益骄"为"对比反衬"之笔。上述四笔围绕汉匈关系环环相扣,寓论断于序事,共同反映了司马迁"求同存异"的民族思想。

After experiencing"The Tragedy of Li Ling",Sima Qian crated The Biography of the Huns,using"Sima Qian’s writing techniques",such as"confusion"and"setting off by contrast"to express his real political views and national thought.Through the"mutual reference"and analysis of the key contents of the related articles in The Biography of the Huns and Historical Records,"the delimitation of grazing areas in some tribes of the Huns","the migration to places with abundant water and pasture,without building castles,without settling down and without engaging in agricultural production",and"the death of Wang Hui"present"confusion"narrative,and"forced dispatch of Zhonghang Yue"and"the emperor’s dismissal of Zhuang Shen",and both parities are brothers","the Huns have a close relationship with the Han Dynasty except for Chanyu","the emperor of the the Han Dynasty is the elder"and"Chanyu is increasingly arrogant"form a"comparison and contrast".The above four evens are closely linked around the Han-Huns relationship,placing Sima Qian’s own conclusion in the specific narrative,which together reflects his national thought of"seeking common ground while reserving differences".