不同外源调节物质对库尔勒香梨果实品质和挥发性物质的影响

Effects of different exogenous regulators on fruit quality and volatile substances of Kuerla Fragrant Pear

[目的]研究不同外源调节物质对‘库尔勒香梨’果实品质及挥发性物质的影响,旨在为提高‘库尔勒香梨’品质及改善栽培技术措施提供参考。[方法]以‘库尔勒香梨’为试材,在其生长发育季节喷施不同种类外源调节物质,于果实成熟期对各处理的果实品质指标及挥发性物质含量进行测定。[结果]与对照相比,各处理果实单果质量、叶绿素和果皮花青素含量显著增加,且果形指数、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比有不同程度的增加;芸苔素内酯和微元宝处理均能有效增加果实中矿质元素含量,其中微元宝处理能显著提高果实内N、P、K、Ca、Zn元素含量;对不同喷施处理的果实挥发性物质含量进行测定分析,共检测出36种挥发性物质,其中醇类8种、醛类6种、酯类6种、烷烃10种、萜烯类5种和芳烃类1种,总体含量以醛类为主。外源调节物质不能改变香梨果实挥发性物质中特征香气物质种类,而喷施特定微量元素“优多锌”“优多硼”处理能提高香梨果实特征香气含量,其中以“优多锌”处理的香气含量最高;主成分分析表明,微元宝处理综合得分最高,其次是芸苔素内酯处理,最低的是清水对照处理。[结论]“微元宝”和“芸苔素内酯”处理是有效改善香梨果实品质的最优外源调节物质。

[Objective]The objectives of the study was to investigate the effects of different exogenous regulatory substances on the fruit quality and the contents of volatile substances of'Korla Fragrant Pear',and to provide references for enhancing the quality of'Korla Fragrant Pear'and improving cultivation techniques.[Methods]'Korla Fragrant Pear'was used as the test material.Different kinds of exogenous regulatory substances were sprayed on the fruits during its growth and development season,and the fruit quality indicators and volatile substance contents of each treatment were measured at the fruit maturity stage.[Results]The results showed that the fruit weight,chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents in the pericarp of each treatment were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the fruit shape index,soluble solids,soluble sugar content and sugar to acid ratio were increased to varying degrees.Both brassinolide and microingot treatments effectively enhanced the contents of mineral elements in fruits,of which micro-ingot treatment significantly increased the contents of N,P,K,Ca and Zn elements in fruits(P<0.05).The content of volatile substances in the fruits of different spraying treatments was determined and analyzed.A total of 36 volatile substances were detected,including eight alcohols,six aldehydes,six esters,ten alkanes,five terpenes and one type of aromatics.The overall content of volatile substances was dominated by aldehydes.Exogenous regulatory substances could not change the types of characteristic aroma substances in the volatile substances of Xiangpears,but spraying specific trace elements"Youduozine"and"Youduoboron"enhanced the characteristic aroma contents of Xiangpears,and"Youduozine"treatment had the highest aroma content.Principal component analysis showed that microingot treatment had the highest comprehensive score,followed by the brassinolide treatment,and the lowest was the water control treatment.[Conclusion]"Micro ingot"and"brassinolide"are the optimal exogenous regulatory substances to effectively improve the fruit quality of Xiangli pear.