41份辣椒种质资源果形果色及其相关性状的聚类分析

Cluster analysis of fruit shape,fruit color and related traits of 41 pepper germplasm resources

[目的]本文研究现有辣椒种质资源的遗传多样性,了解各性状间的关联,为其选育及栽培利用提供参考。[方法]对41份辣椒种质资源的主要农艺性状进行了观测记录,对其果形和果色进行了分类,并进行了变异系数、相关性分析和聚类分析。[结果](1)现有辣椒材料共有11种果形,包括扁灯笼形、短牛角形、短羊角形、短指形、短锥形、圆形、风铃椒、螺丝椒、线形、方灯笼形和长灯笼形,且在不同发育时期的果色变化丰富,根据其果色在不同发育时期的变化,将所有辣椒材料分为8类。通过对变异系数进行分析,发现41份辣椒种质资源的33个农艺性状平均变异系数为57.25%,叶面绒毛、果脐附属物、茎绒毛、果肩形状、单果重、下胚轴颜色、花冠颜色、花柱颜色、花梗着生状态、果面棱沟、果顶形状、外果皮厚薄、果纵径和果肉厚的变异系数较高,说明其具有良好的遗传变异性;(2)辣椒形态学性状间存在较高相关性,与果色和果形显著相关的性状多,此外辣椒品种与果形相关的性状之间、与颜色相关的性状之间存在着相关性,且辣椒材料的颜色性状和果形性状间也存在着相关性,其中与单果重显著相关的性状最多,达到13个;(3)聚类分析将41份辣椒种质资源的33个性状分为五个组群,有效区分了不同的辣椒材料。[结论]以上试验结果可为今后辣椒种质资源的分类、遗传特性的研究、各性状间内在联系的研究以及性状选择、利用和改良提供理论依据。

[Objective]Present study was proposed to study the genetic diversity of existing pepper germplasm resources,understand the relationship between various traits,and for the breeding,cultivation and utilization of pepper germplasm resources,and to provide the references for their breeding,cultivation and utilization.[Methods]In this experiment,the main agronomic characteristics of 41 existing pepper germplasm resources were observed and recorded;the fruit shape and color were classified,and the coefficient of variation,correlation analysis and cluster analysis were carried out.[Result](1)A total of 11 fruit shapes were detected in the existing pepper materials,including flat lantern shape,short horn shape,short horn shape,short finger shape,short cone shape,round shape,bell pepper,screw pepper,linear square lantern shape and long lantern shape.The fruit color variation at different development stages were abundant.According to the changes in fruit color at different development stages,all pepper materials were divided into eight categories.Through the analysis of the coefficient of variation,it was found that the average coefficient of variation of 33 agronomic traits in 41 pepper germplasm resources was 57.25%.Leaf villi,umbilical appendages,stem villi,shoulder shape,single fruit weight,hypocotyl color,Corolla color,style color,pedicel attachment state,fruit surface furrows,fruit top shape,exocarp thickness,fruit longitudinal diameter and pulp thickness had high coefficient of variation value,indicating that they had good genetic variability;(2)There was a high correlation between pepper morphological characteristics,and many traits were significantly related to fruit color and fruit shape.In addition,the correlations between pepper varieties and fruit shape-related traits and color-related traits was observed.The correlations were also observed between color traits and fruit shape traits of pepper materials.Among of them,the greatest number(13)was detected as the traits that significantly related to the single fruit weight;(3)Cluster analysis results indicated that the total of 33 traits of 41 pepper germplasm resources were divided into five groups which effectively distinguished the different pepper materials.The above test results can provide a theoretical basis for the classification of pepper germplasm resources,the study of genetic characteristics,the study of the internal relations among various traits,and the selection,utilization and improvement of traits in the future.