基于基尼系数的我国残疾人竞技体育发展均衡性研究

Research on the Balance of Competitive Sports for Disabled People in China Based on the Gini Coefficient

通过引入基尼系数,采用文献资料法与数理统计法,按残疾人人口、经济分布情况对我国31个省(市、自治区)残疾人竞技体育的比赛场次、参赛人次、训练基地、管理人员、专职教练员等资源配置的均衡性进行分析。研究表明:(1)我国残疾人竞技体育发展情况受各省(市、自治区)残疾人人口、经济水平的影响,基于残疾人人口的资源配置水平低于基于经济的资源配置水平;(2)残疾人体育比赛场次、参赛残疾人数、残疾人训练基地在编管理人员数的配置水平不均衡,残疾人训练基地数在残疾人人口评价维度下不均衡,在经济评价维度下相对均衡,相对稳定教练员数配置水平相对均衡;(3)我国北部区和东部区残疾人竞技体育资源配置好于其他地区,各区之间存在明显不均衡。建议:(1)转变政府理念,升级残疾人体育发展的政策定位;(2)优化顶层设计,促进残疾人体育发展的区域均衡;(3)用好残奥遗产,丰富残疾人体育发展的项目内涵。

By introducing the Gini coefficient,using the literature method and mathematical statistics,the balance of the allocation of competitive sports,participation,training bases,managers and full-time coaches in 31 provinces(municipalities or autonomous regions)in China is analyzed according to the distribution of the population and economy of the disabled.The research shows that:(1)The development of competitive sports for the disabled in China is influenced by the population and economic level of the disabled in various provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions),and the level of resource allocation based on the disabled population is lower than that of the resource allocation based on the economy;(2)The level of allocation of sports competitions,the number of disabled persons participating in the competition and the number of training bases for persons with disabilities is not balanced,the number of training bases for persons with disabilities is not balanced under the evaluation dimension of the disabled population,the relative equilibrium is at a low level under the economic evaluation dimension,and the level of allocation of the number of coaches is relatively balanced;(3)The allocation of sports resources for disabled people in the northern and eastern regions of China is better than that of other regions,and there is a clear imbalance between the regions.Suggestions:(1)to change the government's philosophy and upgrade the policy orientation of sports development for the disabled;(2)optimize the top-level design and promote the regional balance of sports development for the disabled;(3)Use the Paralympic legacy to enrich the project connotation of the development of sports for the disabled.