国家坐式女排运动员备战东京残奥会冬训期间身体机能状态变化研究

Study on the Functional State of the Chinese Women's Sitting Volleyball Team Preparing for the 2020 Tokyo Paralympic Games during Winter Training Period

目的:通过对国家坐式女排运动员备战东京残奥会冬训期间血液生化指标的监测,探讨运动员冬训期间机能变化规律,为运动员后期训练安排提供参考;方法:以15名国家坐式女排运动员为研究对象,分别于冬训开始前、专项训练结束后、调整训练结束后次日晨起、空腹状态下进行血液生化指标测试,测试指标包括血红蛋白(Hemoglobin,HB)、红细胞(Red Blood Cell,RBC)、白细胞(White Blood Cell,WBC)、血清铁蛋白(Serum Ferritin,SF)、血清肌酸激酶(Serum Creatine Phosphokinase,CK)、血尿素(Blood Urea,BU)血睾酮(Testosterone,T)、血皮质醇(Cortisol,C)、T/C等指标。结果:(1)HB先降后升,专项训练阶段较基础值显著下降(P<0.05),恢复训练阶段较专项训练阶段显著升高(P<0.05);RBC、WBC先降后升,各次测试之间无显著差异(P>0.05);多数运动员SF水平低于正常值,各次测试无显著差异(P>0.05)。CK先升后降,各测试比较无显著差异(P>0.05);BU先升后降,恢复训练阶段较专项训练阶段非常显著下降(P<0.01)。T、C先降后升,恢复训练阶段较专项训练阶段T非常显著升高(P<0.01),专项与恢复训练阶段较基础值C非常显著下降(P<0.01);T/C值不断上升,恢复训练阶段较基础值非常显著升高(P<0.01),恢复训练阶段较专项训练阶段显著升高(P<0.05);(2)各指标变异系数不同,其中血睾酮(T)、T/C、血清肌酸激酶(CK)变异系数较大。结论:(1)冬训期间运动员各项机能指标呈现出较好的变化趋势,尤其在训练末期,良好的身体机能状态为运动员在2019年第10届全国残疾人运动会上勇夺冠军奠定了身体基础,同时也说明该阶段教练员训练负荷安排较为科学;(2)血睾酮(T)、T/C、血清肌酸激酶(CK)变异系数较大,使用生化指标对运动员进行机能监控时应注意运动员的个体差异,应将整体与个体水平相结合并做纵向比较。

Objective:To monitor the blood biochemical indicators of the national women’s volleyball athletes during the winter training of the Tokyo Paralympic Games,to explore the regularity of changes in athletes’functions during the winter training,and to provide a reference for the athletes’training arrangements later;Methods:Fifteen national women's volleyball athletes were taken as the research object,and blood biochemical indicators were tested before winter training,after the end of special training,after the morning of adjustment training,and on an empty stomach.(HB),Red Blood Cell(RBC),White Blood Cell(WBC),Serum Ferritin(SF),Serum Creatine Phosphokinase(CK),Blood Urea(BU)Testosterone(T),Cortisol(C),T/C and other indicators;Results:(1)HB first decreased and then increased,and the special training phase was significantly lower than the basic value(P<0.05),and the recovery training phase was significantly higher than the special training phase(P<0.05);RBC and WBC first decreased and then increased,each There was no significant difference between the two tests(P>0.05);the SF level of most athletes was lower than normal,and there was no significant difference between the tests(P>0.05).CK rises first and then falls,there is no significant difference in each test comparison(P>0.05);BU rises and then drops,and the recovery training phase is significantly lower than the special training phase(P<0.01).T and C first fall and then rise.T is significantly higher than the special training phase(P<0.01)during the recovery training phase.The special and recovery training phases are significantly lower than the basic value C(P<0.01);the T/C value is continuously increasing.The recovery training phase is significantly higher than the basic value(P<0.01),and the recovery training phase is significantly higher than the special training phase(P<0.05);(2)the coefficients of variation of different indicators are different,including blood testosterone(T),T/C,serum creatine kinase(CK)coefficient of variation is large;Conclusions:(1)During the winter training,various performance indicators of athletes have shown a good trend of change,especially at the end of training.Good physical performance has laid the physical foundation for athletes to win the championship at the 10th National Disabled Games in 2019.At the same time,it also indicates that the training load arrangement of the coaches at this stage is more scientific;(2)The coefficients of variation of blood testosterone(T),T/C,and serum creatine kinase(CK)are relatively large.Care should be taken when using biochemical indicators to monitor the performance of athletes.The individual differences of athletes should be combined with the individual level and compared longitudinally.