心理干预及健康教育用于脑梗死患者中的护理效果评价

Evaluation of nursing effect of psychological intervention and health education in patients with cerebral infarction

目的评价对脑梗死患者采用心理干预以及健康教育的护理效果。方法选取我院神经内科2019年9月至2020年9月收治的106例脑梗死患者作为本次研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为行常规护理的对照组和行心理干预以及健康教育的观察组,每组各53例。护理3周后比较两组护理前后的焦虑、抑郁情况,以及应对能力和自护能力。结果护理前两组汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后两组评分均较护理前低,且观察组明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的应对能力评分中,屈服、回避项目分别为(7.49±1.41)分、(9.13±1.27)分,明显低于对照组的(12.61±2.52)分、(15.71±1.33)分,面对项目为(21.68±3.15)分则高于对照组的(17.49±2.26)分(P<0.05);观察组患者的自我概念(23.75±2.55)分、健康知识(47.81±3.17)分、自我责任感(19.64±1.39)分、自护技能(33.58±3.38)分,均明显高于对照组的(15.13±2.36)分、(15.13±2.36)分、(13.53±2.58)分、(26.78±4.53)分(P<0.05)。结论对脑梗死患者实施心理干预及健康教育,能够有效改善患者的心理情绪,增加其对疾病的应对能力以及自护能力,有利于身体康复。

Objective To evaluate the nursing effect of psychological intervention and health education in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 106 patients with cerebral infarction admitted to and treated in the department of neurology of our hospital from September 2019 to September 2020 were selected as the research objects.They were divided into the control group(n=53)and the observation group(n=53)according to the random number table method.The control group was treated with conventional nursing,while the observation group was treated with psychological intervention and health education.After 3 weeks of nursing,the anxiety,depression,coping ability and self-nursing ability of the two groups before and after nursing were compared.Results Before nursing,there were no statistically significant differences in the scores of Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)and Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)between the two groups(with P>0.05).After nursing,the scores of the two groups were both lower than those before nursing,and the scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).In the coping ability scores of the observation group,the scores of yield and avoidance items in the observation group were(7.49±1.41)points and(9.13±1.27)points respectively,which were significantly lower than(12.61±2.52)points and(15.71±1.33)points in the control group.The score of facing items was(21.68±3.15)points in the observation group,which was higher than(17.49±2.26)points in the control group(P<0.05).The scores of self-concept,health knowledge,self-responsibility and self-nursing skills in patients of the observation group were(23.75±2.55)points,(47.81±3.17)points,(19.64±1.39)points and(33.58±3.38)points,respectively,which were all significantly higher than(15.13±2.36)points,(15.13±2.36)points,(13.53±2.58)points and(26.78±4.53)points in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The implementation of psychological intervention and health education for patients with cerebral infarction can effectively improve the patients′psychological mood,increase their ability to cope with diseases and self-nursing ability,which is conducive to their physical rehabilitation.