杜威人性论的内在逻辑及当代启示

The Internal Logic of Dewey’s Theory of Human Nature and Its Dual Inspiration to Contemporary Education

杜威站在实用主义的角度看待"人性"问题,致力于人性中自然性和社会性的统一,并将目光着重置于可改造的社会属性部分,认为"人性"不仅可变且亟需改变,只有通过改变才能使得"人性"可见、可欲进而向善。此外,杜威还抓住了人性与教育的内在逻辑,以"经验"为轴心探究人性中自然属性和社会属性的逻辑关系以及教育在人性发展过程中的意义呈现,认为人性的可塑性是教育可以开展的基础,而教育活动的结果又在于人性的改善,人性的向善归根究底需要教育且依赖教育。

Dewey views the issue of"human nature"from the perspective of pragmatism,and is committed to the unity of naturalness and sociality in human nature.He resets his eyes to the part of social attributes that can be transformed,and believes that"humanity"is not only changeable but also urgently in need of change.Only through change can"humanity"be visible,desirable and benevolent.In addition,Dewey also grasped the inherent logic of human nature and education,and believed that the plasticity of human nature is the basis on which education can be carried out,and the result of educational activities lies in the improvement of human nature.Therefore,the improvement of human nature requires education and depends on education in the final analysis.This article will use Dewey’s"experience"as the axis to explore the logical relationship between natural attributes and social attributes in human nature and the significance of education in the development of human nature.It is hoped that we can obtain practical guidance for our current educational practice.