从“堕胎法案攻防战”看美国政治对法律的影响

On the Influence of American Politics on law from the Perspective of“Attack and Defense of Abortion Act”

美国法律因判例法传统及联邦与州并行的两套立法及司法系统而极具特点。罗伊诉韦德案在长达40多年的时间里反对与支持意见一直争锋相对,并随着美国国内政治形势的转变在当前达到顶峰。2019年以来,保守州纷纷出台与该案例相悖的法令,亦不断被各联邦法院封锁或宣告无效。这种州法与联邦最高法院判例间的攻防战,在某种程度上折射出政治因素在美国法律实施中不容忽视的作用。由选票决定的立法及司法人员,在法律的制定与实施过程中,必然要考虑选民意愿及选情需要,使得法律难以纯粹。

The US precedent law tradition and its two sets of legislative and judicial systems in parallel with the federal and state make the operation of American law extremely characteristic.Roe v.Wade has opposing and supporting views for more than four decades.With the change of the domestic political situation in the United States,it has reached its peak.Since 2019,conservative states have issued laws that contradict the Roe v.Wade,which have subsequently been blocked or invalidated by federal courts.The battle between state laws and supreme court precedents reflect the important role of politics in American law.The legislative and judicial personnel determined by votes must take into account the will of voters and the needs of election in the formulation and implementation of laws,which makes it impossible for laws to be pure.