砾石河床的微生物群落及其水质改善效能

Microbial communities and water quality improvement in gravel beds

完善的微生物群落是维持河床生态健康必不可少的前提条件,构建具有多样化微生物群落的河床生态系统在河道生态修复及河流自净能力提升中具有重要意义。系统研究了砾石河床微生物对水体水质改善效果的影响,结果表明:砾石床开始运行后微生物量逐渐增大,第6周起逐渐趋于稳定,相应的水体水质改善效果在第4~5周时达到峰值,随后逐渐下降直至平稳,第6周以后变化不大;火山岩床砾石表面微生物生长附着效果最佳,稳定后微生物量约为1.5×10^(8) CFU/g,对水体水质改善效果最好,稳定后COD和氨氮的去除率分别约为40%和22%;火山岩床中砾石表面微生物种类最丰富,石灰石床物种多样性最高;火山岩床中功能菌的种类和含量均较多,在有机物和氨氮的去除方面可以发挥更显著的效果。

Perfect microbial community is an essential prerequisite for maintaining the ecological health of riverbed.It is of great significance to construct a riverbed ecosystem with diverse microbial communities in the restoration of river ecological and river self-purification ability.This paper systematically studies the effect of microorganism on water quality improvement in gravel bed.The results showed that the microbial biomass increased gradually after the gravel bed began to run,and gradually stabilized from the sixth week.The corresponding improvement effect of water quality reached a peak at 4~5 weeks,then gradually decreased to steady,and changed little after 6 weeks.The microbial growth and attachment effect of volcanic rock bed gravel surface is the best,and the microbial quantity after stabilization is about 1.5×10^(8) CFU/g.And it is best to improve water quality,the removal rates of COD and ammonia nitrogen were about 40% and 22% respectively after stabilization.There are the most abundant microbial species on the gravel surface in volcanic rock beds and the highest species diversity in limestone bed.There are many kinds and contents of functional bacteria in volcanic rock bed,which can play a more significant effect in the removal of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen.