突破“禁忌”:艾森豪威尔政府的核武观与美国大规模海外核部署

Breaking the“Taboo”:Eisenhower Administration’s Concept on Nuclear Weapons and the U.S.Large-scale Overseas Nuclear Deployment

1953年艾森豪威尔上台后,制定了以核武器的大规模报复能力为基石的新国家安全战略,并开启了大规模海外核部署的过程。然而,新战略和部署过程都离不开艾森豪威尔政府核武器观念的转变。无论是对“公开政策”还是对核政策长期影响的讨论,都推动了政府内部认知朝着核武器“可用”和“可部署”的方向发展,并从实践上打破了决策者头脑中存在的“禁忌”,消除了公众舆论和盟国当中可能存在的障碍,使在海外大规模部署核武器成为可能。

After Eisenhower came to power in 1953,he formulated a new national security strategy based on the large-scale retaliation capabilities of nuclear weapons,and initiated the process of large-scale overseas nuclear deployment.However,the new strategy and deployment process are inseparable from the change of Eisenhower administration’s concept of nuclear weap⁃ons.Both the discussion on the“candor policy”and the long-term impact of nuclear weapons promoted the development of the government’s internal cognition towards the“usable”and“deployable”direction of nuclear weapons,minimized the“taboo”in the minds of policy makers in practice,eliminated the obstacles that may exist among public opinion and allies,and made it pos⁃sible to deploy nuclear weapons overseas on a large scale.