^(60)Co-γ辐照联合低温冷藏处理对不同包装花生贮藏品质的影响

Effects of ^(60)Co-γ-irradiation Combined with Cold Storage on Storage Quality of Different Packing Peanuts

探索^(60)Co-γ辐照联合低温处理对不同包装花生仁贮藏品质的影响,以期延长花生的贮藏周期。采用^(60)Co-γ辐照装置进行1.5 kGy剂量的辐照处理,花生仁分别采用聚乙烯袋、真空聚乙烯袋和真空锡箔袋进行包装处理,通过测定微生物、营养成分、水分含量、质构特性、脂肪氧化酶及气味等指标来评价^(60)Co-γ辐照联合低温冷藏处理对花生仁的贮藏效果。结果表明:未辐照花生仁在贮藏第4个月时菌落总数为980 CFU/g,超过750 CFU/g标准规定,而辐照花生仁在贮藏14个月时菌落总数均低于340 CFU/g,符合标准规定;贮藏期间,辐照处理不会对花生仁的营养成分、质构特性产生明显影响;低温贮藏有利于降低花生仁水分损失和保持花生仁脂肪氧化酶的活性;不同包装辐照花生仁在贮藏期间呈现一定的差异,其中真空锡箔袋包装花生仁在营养品质、质构特性及气味变化上变化最小。综上所述,辐照联合低温处理可将花生仁的贮藏周期延长到14个月,同时真空锡箔袋包装花生仁呈现较稳定的贮藏性能。该方法可实现产业化生产,对花生实际生产具有重要指导意义。

In order to prolong the storage period of peanut kernel,the effects of ^(60)Co-γ-irradiation combined with cold storage on storage quality of different packing peanuts were studied.The peanut kernel samples were treated at the irradiation doses 1.5 kGy by ^(60)Co-γray and were packed by polyethylene bag,vacuum polyethylene bag and vacuum fresco bag,respectively.To evaluate the storage effectiveness of ^(60)Co-γ-irradiation combined with cold storage of peanuts,during the period,the main physic-chemistry indexes were determined including microorganism,nutrient content,moisture content,texture characteristics,lipoxygenase and volatile component.The results showed that the total bacterial count of un-irradiated group was 980 CFU/g in the 4th month of storage,which exceeded the standard of 750 CFU/g,while the total colonies of irradiated peanuts were all lower than 340 CFU/g in the 14th months of storage,which met the standard.During storage,irradiation treatment did not have obvious effects on the nutritional composition and texture characteristics of peanut kernels.It is beneficial to reduce water loss and maintain the activity of lipid oxidase in peanut kernels under low temperature storage.Different packages of irradiated peanut kernels showed certain differences during storage,the changes of nutritional quality,texture characteristics and odor of peanut kernels packed with vacuum tin foil bags were the smallest.In conclusion,the storage period of peanut kernel could be extended to 14 months by ^(60)Co-γ-irradiation combined with cold storage.This methodis easy to realize the industrialization,which has important instruction significance for industrialized production of peanut.