广西北部湾鲜活水产品中镉污染的膳食暴露风险评估

Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Cadmium from Fresh Aquatic Products from the Gulf of Tonkin,Guangxi

该研究对北部湾水产品中镉的膳食暴露风险进行了评估。通过对近3年广西北部湾水产品中镉污染进行监测,分析不同种类水产品中镉含量的差异,通过简单点评估和概率评估分别对镉的暴露风险进行定量分析。结果表明,镉总检出率为54.65%,总超标率为0.66%,卡方检验表明各类水产品的镉超标率无显著差异,其中甲壳类和贝类的超标率有高于其他种类的趋势。暴露风险评估结果表明,摄入镉对低端暴露人群健康影响极小,但对中高端暴露人群健康有一定风险;膳食贝类或软体动物类(主要为鱿鱼)的风险商都比其他水产品高出一至三个数量级。由北部湾水产品摄入镉引起健康风险的概率为21.10%。软体动物(r=0.71)和贝类(r=0.51)中的镉含量是影响镉风险商的关键敏感因子。广西居民应注意控制软体动物和贝类的消费量,监管部门应加大对这2类水产品中镉污染量的检测力度,同时要严格监督工业农业各大项目对水域环境的污染。

The dietary exposure risk to cadmium was evaluated in aquatic products from the Gulf of Tonkin,Guangxi,China.Cadmium pollution in aquatic products in the region in the last 3 years was monitored,and the differences in the cadmium content in different aquatic products were analyzed.The exposure risk to cadmium was quantitatively analyzed separately by point and probability assessments.Cadmium was detected in 54.65%of the samples tested.The cadmium content exceeded the national standard in 0.66%of the samples.Chi-square testing revealed no significant differences in the failure rates of different aquatic products.The failure rates of crustaceans and shellfish tended to be higher than those of other products.The exposure risk assessment results suggested that cadmium intake would have minimal effects on the health for low-exposure but would pose health risks for greater exposure(middle-and high-exposure populations).The dietary hazard quotient(HQ)values for shellfish and mollusks(mainly squid)were one to three orders of magnitude higher than those for other aquatic products.The probability of health risks caused by cadmium intake from aquatic products from the Gulf of Tonkin was 21.10%.Key sensitive factors affecting the cadmium HQ were cadmium content in mollusks(r=0.71)and shellfish(r=0.51).The findings indicate that the residents of Guangxi should control their consumption of mollusks and shellfish.Authorities should strengthen efforts to monitor the cadmium levels in these aquatic products.Concurrently,water pollution by industrial and agricultural activities should be strictly controlled.