“陈久”类药材的种类及其历史源流

Species and Medical History of “Chenjiu” Medicinal Materials

"陈久"类药材作为中药的一种特殊用法,具有悠久的历史。通过本草梳理,自《孟子》伊始至民国初期,总计记载有58味"陈久类"中药。主要分为"六陈"类、发酵类、动物类、其他植物类4种,其中以"六陈"类最具盛名。历代本草记载"陈久"类药材的论述层出叠见,多集中于陈久与中药药性的变化,包括消辛燥之劣、减毒烈之弊、脱火毒之气、增强药物功能、增强炮制作用、去腥臭味与增香等6个方面。根据传统经验认为,"陈久"现象与中药药效及质量优劣有关联。本文为中药材"陈久"的现代学研究提供了本草学依据。

As a special use of traditional Chinese medicine, “Chenjiu” class of traditional Chinese medicine have a long history. There were totally 58 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine from Mencius to the early republic of China. They could be divided into four categories: “Sixchen” class, ferment class, animal class and others of plant, of which “Sixchen” class were the well-known. The contents what they express were very rich concentrated on the relationship of ’Chenjiu’ class and the change of Chinese medicine properties from different periods of materia medica. The relationship included six aspects, such as reaching property of a medicine of reducing the poisonous or over-strong property, strengthening the medicine function and processing effect, getting rid of stench taste, increasing fragrant purpose. Therefore, according to traditional experience, “Chenjiu” phenomenon is related to pesticide effect and quality of medicinal herbs. These research provide herbalism basis for the modern study of “Chenjiu” medicinal materials.