锂金属电池中枝晶的研究进展

Research progress of dendrites in lithium metal batteries

相比于当前大规模商用化的锂离子电池,锂金属电池具有超高的理论能量密度,随着锂离子电池的实际能量密度逐渐趋近于它的理论能量密度,对更高能量密度电池的需求驱使着人们将目光放在锂金属电池上。但是锂金属电池在实际应用中存在安全隐患,其原因是Li^(+)容易在阳极不平整的表面不均匀沉积形成锂枝晶,进而导致电池性能降低,甚至引起如短路、起火或爆炸等安全问题。本文综述了锂金属电池中锂枝晶的形成机理及抑制锂枝晶的方法,并对其存在的关键问题和发展前景进行了讨论。

Compared with current large-scale commercial lithium-ion batteries,lithium-metal batteries have a sky-high theoretical energy density.As the actual energy density of lithium-ion batteries gradually approaches its theoretical energy density,the demand for higher energy density batteries drives people to pay attention to lithium-metal batteries.However,there are potential safety hazards in the practical application of lithium metal batteries.The reason is that Li^(+) tends to deposit on the uneven surface of the anode to form lithium dendrites,which will lead to the performance degradation of the battery,and even cause safety problems such as short circuit,fire or explosion.This review summarizes the formation mechanism of lithium dendrite and the methods of inhibiting lithium dendrite in lithium-metal batteries,and discussed the key problems and recent development prospects of lithium dendrite.