运动调节阿尔茨海默症成年海马神经发生的作用及机制

Exercise regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease: mechanism and role

背景:研究发现,运动可以调节成年海马神经发生,并改善阿尔茨海默症患者的认知功能。然而,运动如何影响成年海马神经发生及改善阿尔茨海默症患者认知功能的机制并不清楚。目的:分析总结运动如何影响成年海马神经发生,以及成年海马神经发生在运动改善阿尔茨海默症中的作用机制。方法:以中文检索词(运动,神经发生,阿尔兹海默病,认知)及英文检索词(exercise,neurogenesis,AHN,Alzheimer’s disease,aging,cognition)分别检索CNKI、Web of Science数据库(包含WOS,DIIDW,INSPEC,KJD,MEDLINE,RSCI,SCIELO)等国内外数据库,检索时间截止至2020年12月,查询运动影响阿尔茨海默症及成年海马神经发生的相关研究,然后按照一定逻辑进行分析和综述。结果与结论:(1)运动可以通过增加星形胶质细胞的增殖和葡萄糖转运蛋白1、血管内皮生长因子、脑源性神经营养因子等的分泌来调节神经源龛的整体动态平衡,从而促进阿尔茨海默症患者成年海马神经发生过程;(2)然而这一过程会受到谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、5-羟色胺、血管内皮生长因子、N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸、脑源性神经营养因子等介质、生长因子或神经营养因子的影响。

BACKGROUND: Studies have found that exercise can regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improve cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. However, the mechanism by which exercise affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improves cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease is not clear.OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize how exercise affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis and the mechanism of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in improving Alzheimer’s disease.METHOD: Literature search(from inception to December 2020) was performed in CNKI and Web of Science databases(including WOS, DIIDW, INSPEC, KJD, MEDLINE, RSCI, SCIELO) using "exercise, neurogenesis, AHN, Alzheimer’s disease, aging, cognition" as keywords, to investigate the effects of exercise on Alzheimer’s disease and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. All enrolled literatures were analyzed and reviewed according to certain logic. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exercise can regulate the overall dynamic balance of neuronal niche by increasing the proliferation of astrocytes and enhancing the secretion of glucose transporter 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, so as to promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis in patients with Alzheimer’s disease patients. However, this process is affected by mediators, growth factors or neurotrophic factors, such as glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine, vascular endothelial growth factor, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.