生物炭和微生物菌剂对烤烟产质量的影响

Effects of Biochar and Microbial Agent on Quality and Yield of Flue-cured Tobacco

【目的】探明生物炭、微生物菌剂单施或配施对烤烟产质量的影响,为豫中烟区烤烟合理施肥提供科学依据。【方法】通过大田试验,以不施生物炭和菌剂为对照(CK),研究施用生物炭(B)、微生物菌剂(M)及生物炭+微生物菌剂(BM)烟株农艺性状、病害发生情况及烟叶化学成分、中性致香物质和经济效益的变化。【结果】生物炭和微生物菌剂的施用可显著促进烤烟生长,烟草株高、茎围、最大叶长、最大叶宽及有效叶片数分别较CK提高10.17%~26.48%、6.19%~19.59%、7.97%~16.75%、6.34%~13.54%和9.95%~16.75%;菌剂单施或与生物炭配施对烤烟根茎类病害有较好的抑制作用,烟草黑胫病发病率较CK(8.83%)降低14.50%~17.10%,烟草根腐病发病率较CK(4.18%)降低11.72%~13.16%;生物炭及生物炭+微生物菌剂处理可显著提高烟叶总糖和还原糖含量,降低总氮和烟碱含量,提高烟叶中性致香物质总量;各处理中上等烟比例和产值均较CK显著提高,生物炭+微生物菌剂处理提高幅度最大,分别为3.91%和14.96%。【结论】生物炭和微生物菌剂的施用可显著提高烤烟产质量,以生物炭+微生物菌剂处理效果最好。

【Objective】The effects of separate or combined application of biochar and microbial agent on quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco are explored to provide the scientific basis for reasonable fertilization in the production of tobacco in middle area of Henan.【Method】Taking non-application of biochar and microbial agent as the control(CK),the variation in agronomic traits,disease incidence,chemical composition,neutral aroma substances and economic benefit of tobacco applied with biochar(B),microbial agent(M)and biochar+microbial agent(BM)are studied by using a field test.【Result】The application of biochar and microbial agent could promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco significantly,and the plant height,stem girth,maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width and effective leaf number of tobacco are increased by 10.17%─26.48%,6.19%─19.59%,7.97%─16.75%,6.34%─13.54%and 9.95%─16.75%compared with those of CK,respectively.Microbial agent or biochar+microbial agent have better inhibitory effects on rhizome disease in flue-cured tobacco.The incidence of tobacco black shank disease is decreased by 14.50%─17.10%compared with that of CK(8.83%),while the incidence of tobacco root rot disease is decreased by 11.72%─13.16%compared with that of CK(4.18%).The treatments of biochar and biochar+microbial agent could increase total sugar and reducing sugar content,and total neutral aroma substances,and decrease total nitrogen and nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco.In addition,the proportion of medium-superior tobacco and output value of tobacco of all treatments are higher than those of CK significantly,and the increment of biochar+microbial agent treatment is the greatest,which is up to 3.91%and 14.96%respectively.【Conclusion】The application of biochar and microbial agent can increase the quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco significantly,and the combined application of biochar and microbial agent achieves the best effect.