云南元江植烟土壤养分丰缺评价

Evaluation on Abundance or Deficiency of Tobacco-planting Soil Nutrients in Yuanjiang County,Yunnan

【目的】探明元江县植烟土壤质量状况,为其烤烟生产合理布局和科学精准施肥提供依据。【方法】采集元江县8个种烟乡镇(街道)189份种烟土壤样品,调查分析其养分状况,并进行评价。【结果】元江县烟区土壤整体偏酸,平均pH为5.6,但洼垤乡整体偏碱性,碱性土壤样本占41.67%;土壤有机质及大量元素整体含量较高,有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾平均含量分别为31.18 g/kg、161.87 mg/kg、46.32 mg/kg和306.54 mg/kg,均高于优质烤烟生产适宜范围,局部地区存在欠缺或过剩的情况;土壤交换性钙(1332.64 mg/kg)、交换性镁(263.27 mg/kg)、有效锌(2.51 mg/kg)、有效铁(57.46 mg/kg)和有效铜(1.2 mg/kg)含量整体处于较高水平,土壤有效锰(20.43 mg/kg)、有效硼(0.76 mg/kg)和氯离子(13.58 mg/kg)含量整体处于较低水平,低于优质烤烟生产适宜范围。【结论】元江烤烟在生产上应遵循控氮、控磷、稳钾、控钙、控镁、补硼、增锰施肥策略,注重通过土壤酸碱度改良、有机质调控及合理灌溉等措施调节土壤肥力。

【Objective】The quality of tobacco-planting soil is determined to provide the scientific basis for rational distribution and accurate fertilization in tobacco production in Yuanjiang County.【Method】The nutrient status of 189 tobacco-planting soil samples collected from 8 tobacco-growing villages and towns in Yuanjiang County is analysed and evaluated.【Result】The average pH of tobacco-planting soil is 5.6 in Yuanjiang County.The pH of tobacco-planting soil is slightly alkaline in Wadie Village overall and the soil samples with alkaline account for 41.67%of total soil samples.The organic matter and major element content of tobacco-planting soil is high overall and the average content of organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of tobacco-planting soil is 31.18 g/kg,161.87 mg/kg,46.32 mg/kg and 306.54 mg/kg respectively,which is higher than the suitable range of quality tobacco production.There is a deficiency or surplus status in part sites.The content of exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium,available zinc,available iron and available copper is 1332.64 mg/kg,263.27 mg/kg,2.51 mg/kg,57.46 mg/kg and 1.2 mg/kg separately,which is at a high level.The content of available manganese,available boron and chloride ion is 20.43 mg/kg,0.76 mg/kg and 13.58 mg/kg respectively,which is lower than the suitable range of quality tobacco production.【Conclusion】The fertilization strategy of controlling nitrogen,controlling phosphorus,stable potassium,controlling calcium,controlling magnesium,supplying boron and increasing manganese should be abided by in tobacco production.The tobacco-planting soil fertility should be adjusted by the measures of soil pH improvement,organic matter management and rational irrigation.