铜仁市外来植物的种类组成及来源

Composition and Source of Alien Plant Species in Tongren City

【目的】探明铜仁市外来植物的种类组成及来源与入侵途径,为其引种管理、入侵植物检测与防治提供科学依据。【方法】采用实地调查方法,对铜仁市原万山区万山镇、玉屏县城舞阳河沿岸至火车站、铜仁市城区入侵植物的种类、原产地、生活型、危害程度进行调查并统计分析。【结果】铜仁市外来植物有67种,其中木本植物26种,占38.81%,草本植物38种,占56.72%,亚灌木状草本1种,占1.49%,半灌木2种,占2.98%;67种外来植物隶属37科,以菊科种类最多,有10种,天南星科和苋科其次,各有4种,睡莲科、雨久花科、小檗科和山茱萸科等最少,均为1种;外来植物作观赏性用途的种类最多,有50种,占74.63%;67种外来植物来源于美洲的最多,占52.24%,亚洲其次,占20.90%,其余来自欧洲、非洲和大洋洲等;造成严重危害的有紫茎泽兰、大狼把草、加拿大蓬(飞蓬)和一年蓬等8种外来植物,造成中等危害的有刺槐、野胡萝卜和美洲商陆(垂穗商陆)等12种,产生危害轻微的有八角金盘、鹅掌柴和日本女贞等47种。【结论】铜仁市外来植物有67种,其中木本和草本植物较多,分别占38.81%和56.72%;主要来源于美洲,达35种,占52.24%;危害程度严重的有紫茎泽兰和大狼把草等8种外来植物,危害程度中等的有刺槐和野胡萝卜等12种。

【Objective】The composition,source and invasive path of alien plant species in Tongren City are discussed to provide the scientific basis for introduction management,inspection and control of alien plants.【Method】The species,origin,life form and hazard degree of invasive alien plants in Tongren City are investigated by a field survey and statistically analysed.【Result】There are 67 alien plant species in Tongren City.26 ligneous plant species,38 herbaceous plant species,1subshrub herbal plant species and 2 semi-shrub plants species account for 38.81%,56.72%,1.49%and 2.98%of total alien plant species respectively.67 alien plant species belong to 37 families.Compositae has 10 species.Araceae and Amaranthaceae both have 4 species.Nymphaeaceae,Pontederiaceae,Berberidaceae and Cornaceae all have one species only.50 species with ornamental value account for 74.63%of total alien plants.The origin of 52.24%and 20.90%alien plants is America and Asian separately.Other species are from Europe,Africa,Oceania.8 and 12 alien plants are of severe hazard degree and moderate hazard degree respectively.47 alien plants have the slight hazard degree.【Conclusion】There are 67 alien plant species in Tongren City.The species of ligneous and herbaceous plants accounts for 38.81%and 56.72%of total alien plants respectively.The origin of 52.24%alien plants is America.8 alien plants with severe hazard degree are Eupatorium adenophorum,Bidens frondosa.Conyza canadensiis,Erigreon annuus et al.12 alien plants with moderate hazard degree are Robinia pseudoacacia,Daucus carota,Phytolacca Americana et al.