我国深空探测对航天材料及工艺的需求

Demand for Aerospace Materials and Technology for China's Deep Space Exploration

随着我国首次月球采样返回和火星探测器“天问一号”任务的圆满完成,我国深空探测进入了新的发展阶段。本文首先对我国深空探测的现状和发展趋势进行了分析,进而对深空探测面临的极端温度、强太阳电磁辐射、强粒子辐射、尘与尘暴、酸性大气等环境及对深空探测任务的影响进行了梳理,进而从材料及结构的轻量化、高效热控制、可靠的辐射防护与抗辐射能力、提供可持续的能源、具有较强的耐腐蚀性能、具有较好抗尘与尘暴损伤性能、在轨组装与制造等角度梳理了深空探测对航天材料与工艺的需求,最后从轻质结构机构材料、高效热控制材料、组合辐射防护及耐辐射材料、耐腐蚀材料、耐尘与尘暴材料、高可靠能源材料、3D/4D打印技术等方面给出了深空探测材料与工艺的发展方向。

With China's first lunar sample return and the successful completion of the Mars rover"Tianwen"mission,China's deep space exploration has entered a new era.The current situation and development trend of deep space exploration in China is first analyzed,and then the deep space environments such as extreme temperature,strong solar electromagnetic radiation,strong particle radiation,dust and dust storms,acidic atmosphere and other environments were teased out,and the impact of deep space environments on deep space exploration tasks were summarized.The demand of aerospace materials and technologies for deep space exploration was reviewed such as the lightweight of materials and structures,efficient thermal management,reliable radiation protection and radiation resistance,sustainable energy supply,strong corrosion resistance,and good resistance to dust and dust storm damage,on-orbit assembly and manufacturing.Finally,the development directions of deep space exploration materials and processes which includ lightweight structural materials,high-efficiency thermal management materials,combined radiation protection and radiation-resistant materials,corrosion-resistant materials,dust resistant materials,high-reliability energy materials,3D printing/4D printing technology and etc.were suggested.