实践观的初次表述究竟在马克思的何文中?——《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的实践观及其价值

The View of Practice in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 and Its Philosophical Value:Where Marx First Expressed His View of Practice

马克思主义实践观的确立是唯物史观形成的重要标志。当前学界有一种流行见解,认为《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》是马克思主义实践观的奠基之作和初次表述。通过将《1844年经济学哲学手稿》实践观与《提纲》实践观的基本要点以及马克思主义“成熟著作”实践观的经典论述进行双重文本对照,可知《手稿》不仅先于《提纲》构建了马克思主义实践观的思想框架,而且包含着比《提纲》的实践观更为丰富的内容。恰如其分地说,《手稿》才是马克思主义实践观的初次表述。马克思主义实践观的理论架构在《手稿》中已接近形成,《提纲》是《手稿》中初步建构的马克思主义实践观的深化和运用。

The establishment of Marxist view of practice is an important symbol of the formation of historical materialism.There is a popular opinion in the current academic circle that the Theses on Feuerbach is the foundation work of Marxist view of practice,where Marxist view of practice is first elaborated.By comparing the basic points of the views of practice embodied in both the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 and the“Theses”with the classic formulations of the view of practice in the“mature works”of Marxism,it can be seen that the construction of the ideological framework of Marxist view of practice in the“Manuscripts”is earlier than the one in the“Theses”,and there are richer contents of the view of practice contained in the“Manuscripts”than those contained in the“Theses”.Appropriately,it is in the“Manuscripts”that Marxist view of practice is first elaborated.The theoretical framework of Marxist view of practice is nearly formed in the“Manuscripts”,while Marxist view of practice initially constructed in the“Manuscripts”is deepened and applied in the“Theses”.