驳艾伦·布坎南对马克思正义观的误读

A Refutation of Allen Buchanan’s Misunderstanding of Karl Marx’s View of Justice

马克思与正义的关系问题引发了学术界的广泛争论。为了解决这一问题,布坎南以“正义无用论”为逻辑内核,以“内在批判说”“革命动力说”和“外在批判说”为外层框架,重构了马克思的正义观。虽然这种重构有某种新意,但是也存在明显的误读倾向:其“正义无用论”存在理论错误,“内在批判说”需要进行重新审视,“革命动力说”曲解了马克思的观点,“外在批判说”也不符合历史唯物主义。从根本上说,布坎南站在自由主义的理论立场上,试图先重构马克思的正义观,然后指认这就是马克思的正义观,再对此进行批驳来凸显抽象权利和正义观念的价值,实质上这是恩格斯所批判的杜林的立场和方法,实际上已经彻底背离了历史唯物主义和辩证法。

The relationship between Marxism and justice has aroused a wide debate in academic circles.In ord er to solve this problem,Allen Buchanan reconstructs Karl Marx’s view of justice by taking the theory that“justice is useless”as the logical core and taking the theory of“internal criticism”,the theory of“revolutionary power”,and the theory of“external criticism”as the outer frame.Although having some new ideas,such a rec onstruction also has some obvious tendency of misunderstanding:there are some theoretical errors in the theor y that“justice is useless”,the theory of“internal criticism”needs to be re-examined,the theory of“revolut ionary power”misinterprets Marx’s view,and the theory of“external criticism”does not accord with historical materialism.Fundamentally speaking,Buchanan stands on the theoretical standpoint of liberalism and tries to highlight the value of abstract rights and the conception of justice by first reconstructing Marx’s view of justice,then identifying it as Marx’s own view of justice,and then criticizing it.This is the Dühringist position and methodology criticized by Friedrich Engels,which in fact has completely deviated from historical materialism and dialectics.