信息与情绪:事故灾难中公众责任归因的类型学分析——以无锡高架桥坍塌为例

Information and Emotion:Typological Analysis of Attribution of Public Responsibility in Acci-dents and Disasters——A Case Study of the Viaduct Collapse in Wuxi

以危机事件为中心展开的网络场域,呈现出公众的差异化认知,反映了公众责任归因的复杂性和多样性。然而,目前学界对公众责任归因的议题还缺乏系统化的研究,有必要对其进行类型学研究。从归因的概念本源出发,梳理客观信息资源与情绪扩散对归因方向和强度的影响,以信息资源占有量和情绪扩散程度为划分维度,事故灾难中的多重归因可被划分为:信息资源占有量多、情绪扩散程度高的显性表达型归因;信息资源占有量少、情绪扩散程度高的惯性偏差型归因;信息资源占有量少、情绪扩散程度低的慎重延迟型归因;信息资源占有量多、情绪扩散程度低的隐性间接型归因。同时,结合无锡高架桥坍塌事故,整理公众评论及其话语指向,强调四种归因类型的外在表征,以弥补当前公众责任归因研究的不足,进而为政府舆情治理提供参考。

The network field centered on crisis events shows the differentiated public cognition and reflects the complexity and diversity of attribution of public responsibility.However,there is still a lack of systematic research on attribution of public responsibility,so it is necessary to conduct a typological study on it.On the basis of the concept of attribution,this article analyzes the influence of objective information resources and emotional diffusion on the direction and intensity of attribution.To be specific,according to the amount of information resource possession and the degree of emotional diffusion,multiple attributions in accidents and disasters can be divided into four types:(1)explicit attribution characterized by an abundant amount of information resource possession and a high degree of emotional diffusion;(2)inertial-deviated attribution characterized by a less amount of information resource possession and a high degree of emotional diffusion;(3)cautious-delayed attribution characterized by a less amount of information resource possession and a low degree of emotional diffusion;(4)implicit attribution characterized by an abundant amount of information resource possession and a low degree of emotional diffusion.At the same time,combined with the viaduct collapse in Wuxi,this article sorts out the public comments and their discourse direction and emphasizes the characteristics of the four types of attribution in the context of Chinese characteristics,so as to make up for the deficiency of current research on attribution of public responsibility and then provide reference for government’s public opinion governance.