惠施“历物之意”探微

On Hui Shi’s“Ten Paradoxical Propositions”

惠施哲学原著今已佚失,除去各家残存文本,当以《庄子·天下》中的“历物之意”最能体现其主要思想。但也因语出《庄子》而被大多学者与庄子相比,得出惠施“齐物却不逍遥”的结论。所以,既欲新解惠施哲学,首先需要使其哲学从庄子哲学中抽离而不受庄子对其褒贬的影响,以还原其本色;然后结合惠施的相关史料,进一步以“意会”的方式去探究惠施思想,讨论其有“齐物”意向之后是否有“逍遥”的可能;最后,辨析惠施如果有“逍遥”的可能,又为何选择“逐万物而不返”。以上述三步的承接关系为逻辑主线,以“意会”其“历物之意”为主要研究方法,对惠施哲学思想进行探微。

The original works of Hui Shi’s philosophy have been lost.Apart from the remaining texts of various schools,the“Ten Paradoxical Propositions”in Zhuangzi Tianxia can best reflect its main thought.However,most scholars compared him with Zhuangzi because“ten paradoxical propositions”is from Zhuangzi,and came to the conclusion that Hui Shi was“equality of things but in absolute freedom”.Therefore,in order to understand Hui Shi’s philosophy,we first need to separate his philosophy from Zhuangzi’s philosophy without being influenced by Zhuangzi’s praise and criticism,so as to restore its nature.Then,combined with Hui Shi’s relevant historical materials,further explore Hui Shi’s thought in the way of“will”,and discuss whether it is possible to“carefree”after it has the intention of“unifying things”;Finally,analyze why Hui Shi chose to“indulge in worldliness”if there is the possibility of“carefree”.Taking the relationship of the above three steps as the logical main line and the“meaning of experience”as the main research method,this paper probes into Hui Shi’s philosophical thought.