中国粮食安全面临的新挑战及应对措施

New Challenges Faced by China's Food Security and Countermeasures

中国已经进入了高水平粮食安全与高水平农业开放并存的阶段,国际粮食市场已经成为国内粮食供应体系的一部分。随着农业对外开放水平的提升,"非必需"进口量的增加冲击了国内粮食供需平衡体系,国际规则约束了国内农业政策的调整空间,国际市场不确定加剧了输入性风险以及参与全球粮食安全治理体系受阻等非传统的挑战。为此,需要确立连接国内外市场的价格,而不完全是供需缺口;高产量不等于高竞争力,粮食增长也不一定提高自给率;粮食安全并不等于绝对的自给自足。需要从粮食安全目标导向转向、农业政策设计转型、风险管控机制构建以及对全球粮食安全治理体系的参与等方面来提升中国对内、对外粮食安全治理的能力及水平。

China has entered a stage where high-level food security and high-level agricultural opening coexist.The international food market has become a part of the domestic food supply system.With the increase in the level of agricultural opening to the outside world,an increase in"non-essential"imports has impacted the domestic food supply and demand balance system.International rules have restricted the adjustment space of domestic agricultural policies.Uncertainty in the international market has exacerbated import risks and participation in global food security.Non-traditional challenges such as blocked governance systems.To this end,it is neces-sary to establish prices that connect domestic and foreign markets,not just the gap between supply and demand.High production does not mean high competitiveness,and grain growth does not necessarily increase the self-sufficiency rate;Food security does not mean absolute self-sufficiency.We need to improve my country's internal and external food security governance capabilities and levels from the aspects of food security goal orientation,agricultural policy design transformation,risk management mechanism construction,and participation in the global food security governance system.