溪洛渡水垫塘底板泄洪振动特性研究

Study on the vibration characteristics of the flood discharge of the Xiluodu plunge pool floor

近年来,随着水电行业的快速发展,一大批高拱坝及超高拱坝相继建成,其坝身泄洪常具有“高水头、大流量、窄河谷”的特点,泄洪消能问题十分突出,已成为工程设计及安全运行的控制因素之一。目前,高拱坝的坝身泄洪消能普遍采用坝后水垫塘和二道坝的型式,国际上还缺乏长期成功运行的经验。在高水头、大流量的下泄水流冲击作用下,水垫塘的实际工作性态如何?如何进行监测?怎么评价?这些都是水电站运行管理者关注的问题。为此,溪洛渡水电站在建设期就设计布置了大量的振动传感设备,并在实际运行中获取了一定的数据。通过结合有限元模型,对不同工况下水垫塘泄洪振动状态进行了分析评价,并提出未来监控指标,取得了一些较好的经验。

In recent years, with the rapid development of hydropower industry, a large number of high arch dams and superhigh arch dams have been built one after another. The flood discharge of the dam body often has the characteristics of "high head, large flow and narrow valley". The problem of flood discharge and energy dissipation is very prominent and has become one of the control factors of engineering design and safe operation. At present, the flood discharge and energy dissipation of high arch dams generally adopts the form of using plunge pools behind dams and secondary dams, but there is still a lack of long-term successful operation experience in the world. What are the actual working behaviors of the plunge pools under the impact of the discharge flow with high head and large flow? How to monitor their working conditions? How to evaluate their performances? All these are the problems concerned by the operation managers of hydropower stations. For these reasons, a large number of vibration sensing devices were designed and arranged during the construction period of Xiluodu Hydropower Station, and certain data were obtained in the actual operation. By combining the finite element model, the flood discharge vibration state of the plunge pool under different working conditions was analyzed and evaluated. We proposed several future monitoring indicators and gained some useful experience.