非生理性脱发种类及其发生机理研究进展

Research progress on the types and mechanisms of non-physiological alopecia

非生理性脱发是指头发大量异常脱落导致头发稀疏或发际线后移等严重影响患者外表形象的现象。根据其发生原因不同分为:雄激素性脱发(AGA)、免疫缺陷性脱发(IDA)、损伤性脱发(SDA)、营养异常性脱发(NAA)和药物性脱发(DIA)。不同类型脱发发生原因均是各种因素直接或间接作用于毛囊引起毛囊异常。其中AGA和IDA的病理学发病过程报道较多,AGA是毛囊对于雄激素敏感导致生长周期紊乱,IDA是毛囊免疫赦免机制崩溃,免疫细胞攻击毛囊。SDA和NAA的原因较为直观,分别是皮肤损伤和营养异常导致毛囊的状态异常或生理周期紊乱。DIA影响因素较多,根据药物不同脱发机理也有所不同。本文将简述各种不同原因导致非生理性脱发的发生机理,以期将有关非生理性脱发的研究成果进行集中体现,使研究人员可以更好地了解非生理性脱发发生的原因和机理并找到脱发防治的方法。

Non-physiological alopecia refers to a phenomenon that severely affects the appearance of patients,such as a heavy loss of hair leading to thinning hair or receding hairline.According to the different causes,it can be categorized into androgenic alopecia(AGA),immunodeficiency alopecia(IDA),skin damage alopecia(SDA),nutritional abnormalities alopecia(NAA)and drug-induced alopecia(DIA).All these types of hair loss are caused by corresponding factors that directly or indirectly act on hair follicles.Among them,the pathological processes of AGA and IDA have been reported a lot.As for AGA,hair follicles are sensitive to androgens,leading to disorder of growth cycle;as for IDA,the breakdown of hair follicle immune pardon mechanism makes immune cells attack hair follicles.The reasons for SDA and NAA are relatively straightforward.They are caused by skin damage and nutrient deficiency,respectively,which lead to disorder of the physiological cycle of hair follicles and affect hair growth.There are many factors influencing DIA,which vary according to different drugs.Herein,the mechanisms of non-physiological alopecia caused by various reasons have been briefly described.Research results of non-physiological alopecia are focused on.It may provide a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of non-physiological alopecia,which might help researchers to find a way to prevent hair loss.