破产无效制度在个人破产背景下的迭代研究--以《深圳经济特区个人破产条例》为例

Iterative Implementation of Bankruptcy Invalidity Institution under the Background of Personal Bankruptcy--Take"Personal Bankruptcy Regulation of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone"as an Example

破产无效制度是中国破产法律体系之特色,外国立法中仅见破产撤销制度而无破产无效制度。《民法典》第153条、第154条是中国法律行为无效制度之普通法,学理上分别代表绝对无效和相对无效制度,体系上与外国法差别较大,亦是破产无效特别法存在之基础。虽然《刑法》第162条之二虚假破产罪与破产无效条文之间表述一致,但并不意味着破产无效条文丧失了独立存在的必要性。因此,如何升级迭代破产无效制度,是《民法典》实施后,破产法修订中须认真考虑的问题。本文论述前述理论问题之后,检讨现行法条文之不足,提出了具体的修订意见与完善建议。

Bankruptcy invalidity institution is the characteristic of China's bankruptcy legal system.In foreign legislation,there is only bankruptcy discharge rather than bankruptcy invalidity.Articles 153 and 154 of the Chinese Civil Code are the foundation of common law of the invalidity institution.Theoretically,they represent the absolute invalidity and relative invalidity institution respectively.They are systematically diff erent from foreign laws,and they are also the basis for the existence of the special law of bankruptcy invalidity.Although the expression between the 2nd paragraph of Article 162 of the Chinese Criminal law(the crime of false bankruptcy)and the bankruptcy invalid provision is consistent,it does not mean that the bankruptcy invalid provision has lost its necessity of independent existence.Therefore,how to upgrade the bankruptcy invalidity institution is an issue that must be seriously considered in the course of revision the China’s Bankruptcy Law after the adoption of the Civil Code and the Shenzhen Personal Bankruptcy Regulation.After discussing the above major theoretical issues,this paper reviews the shortcomings of the provisions of the current law,and puts forward specific revision opinions and improvement suggestions.