现代汉语口语话语标记的性别差异调查研究——以访谈节目为例

The Research on the Gender Difference of Discourse Markers in Modern Chinese Spoken Language:Taking the Interview Program as an Example

话语标记是说话人在使用语言时调节话语的一种言语机制,话语标记的使用具有元语用意识,即说话人在使用话语标记时往往暗含着自己想要表达的“言外之意”。文章选择性别差异显著的反馈标记、开启话题标记、抢夺话轮标记进行统计分析,得出以下结论:女性使用话语标记的频率明显高于男性;女性倾向于使用反馈标记“嗯”“啊”;男主持倾向于使用开启话题标记“那”“好”;女性倾向于使用肯定类、否定类抢夺话轮标记;男性倾向于使用言说类话语标记。由此可推断,女性仍然表现出更善于倾听、更易于表现情绪态度的形象,而男性则表现出更愿意参与有新信息交流的会话、较少表现个人情绪态度的形象。

Discourse marker is a speech mechanism by which a speaker regulates his speech when using language,the use of discourse markers has a meta-pragmatic awareness,that is to say,when a speaker uses a discourse marker,he often implies the hidden meaning he wants to express.In this paper,several discourse markers with significant gender differences are selected for detailed description and analysis,including feedback markers and speech cycle marker.Finally,the following conclusions are drawn:females use discourse markers more frequently than males;women tend to use feedback markers"en"and"a";male hosts tend to use the open topic marker"na"and"hao";women tend to use positive and negative speech cycle markers;men tend to use verbal markers.