教育元宇宙的教学场域架构、关键技术与实验研究

The Teaching Field Structure,Key Technologies and Experimental Study of Edu-Metaverse

元宇宙是根据物理世界的样态而由人类创造的数字世界。元宇宙作为一个新兴概念,是建立在5G、虚拟现实等技术基础上而逐渐成型的。技术的发展成熟为创建教育元宇宙(Edu-Metaverse)提供了便利条件,也有助于元宇宙与教育实践的深度融合。教育元宇宙最突出的优势是能够为教师和学习者提供一种沉浸式的教学互动场域,同步满足师生在物理世界和虚拟世界中的教与学需求。这里的虚拟世界并不是对物理世界的简单复制后所形成的“平行宇宙”,还包括对物理世界的再开发。教育元宇宙的教学探索需要首先明确其场域架构及其支撑技术。研究组建构的教育元宇宙教学场域包括物理层、软件层、应用层、分析层四层架构,贯通四层架构的关键设备与技术包括5G网络、VR沉浸设备及其对应的软件系统、高性能计算机及其相应的元宇宙系统、生物数据采集设备及其数据分析算法等。为探究其在教学中的应用,通过创设“图书馆”“校园”“教室”三类教育元宇宙场景,分别对应序列型指引、综合型探究和众创建构三种学习活动,实验实施后的数据分析表明,教育元宇宙能够促进学习者交互感、沉浸感和认知的提高,且随着三种学习活动的递进开展,学习者的认知投入表现出由“中认知投入”向“高认知投入”跃升的趋势。

The Metaverse is a digital world created by human beings according to the environment of the physical world.As a new conception,Metaverse is gradually formed based on 5G,virtual reality and other technologies.The development and maturity of technology not only provides convenient conditions for the establishment of Edu-Metaverse,but also contributes to the deep integration of Metaverse and educational practice.The most prominent advantage of Edu-Metaverse is that it can provide an immersive teaching interaction field for teachers and learners,and simultaneously meet the teaching and learning needs of teachers and students in the physical world and virtual world.The virtual world of Edu-Metaverse is not a“parallel universe”formed after a simple copy of the physical world,but the redevelopment of the physical world.The educational exploration of Edu-Metaverse first needs to clarify its field structure and its key technologies,and then is the teaching application.The teaching field of Edu-Metaverse constructed by the research group is a four-layer architecture,including hardware layer,software layer,application layer,and analysis layer.The key technologies applied through the four-layer architecture involve 5G,VR equipment and VR software system,high-performance computer and corresponding Metaverse system,biological data acquisition equipment and its data analysis algorithm.In the experimental research,three kinds of Edu-Metaverse scenes of“library”,“campus”and“classroom”were created to respectively correspond to three learning activities:sequential guidance,comprehensive exploration,and building creation.The data analysis after the implementation of the experiment shows that the Edu-Metaverse can promote students’learning engagement,learning efficiency,and learning effectiveness.And with the progressive development of the three activities,the learners’cognitive engagement reflects a rise from“medium level”to“high level”.