地区发展与高等教育获得的性别差异--基于全国12所高校调查数据的分析发现

Regional Development and Gender Differences of Higher Education Access:A Survey Study of Twelve Chinese Universities

高等教育获得的性别差异事关教育公平与性别平等,日益成为社会关注的热点。通过分析“中国大学生追踪调查(PSCUS2015)”数据与相关地级市经济发展指标发现:相较于女性而言,男性更可能进入更高水平的大学就读。同时,教育获得的性别平等程度与城市化、经济发展水平、地区教育投入等因素密切相关。随着城市化水平的提高、经济水平的发展以及地区教育财政的增长,男性和女性的教育获得不平等状况会逐渐缩小。这些发现验证了现代化理论,即随着现代化水平的提高,先赋性因素对平等的作用在减小;加快城市化进程,特别是提升户籍人口的城镇化率,同时推动经济发展,加大地方财政对教育事业的支持力度等,可以有效提升地区整体教育资源状况,进而缩小教育资源拥有的性别差异。以上结论有助于理解中国教育性别不平等问题及其形成机制,对促进教育公平的政策制定具有一定的启发意义。

Gender differences in higher education are related to educational equity and gender equality,and it have increasingly become a hot topic of social concern.By analyzing the data from the Panel Study of Chinese University Students(PSCUS2015)and related economic development indicators of prefecture-level cities,it is found that male students are more likely to enter higher-level universities than female students.At the same time,the degree of gender equality in education is closely related to factors such as urbanization,economic development level,and regional education investment.The improvement in the level of urbanization,the development of the economic level,and the growth of regional education finance would gradually shrink the gender inequality in education.These findings validate the modernization theory,that is,as the level of modernization increases,the role of pre-determinative factors on equality reduces.The speeding up process of urbanization,especially increasing the urbanization rate of the registered population,promoting economic development,and increasing local financial support for education can effectively improve the overall situation of educational resources in the region,thereby it reduces the gender gap in educational resources.The above conclusions are helpful to understand the problem of gender inequality in education in China and its formation mechanism,and have certain enlightening significance for policy formulation to promote educational equity.