英国高等教育质量风险监管:缘起、实施及启示

The Risk-based Quality Regulation of Higher Education in the UK:Origin,Implementation and Enlightenment

基于高等教育质量风险治理的历史传统,回应社会与民众质量关切,英国开启了新一轮高等教育质量监管改革。秉持“学生中心”理念,英国高等教育质量风险监管面向所有注册的高等教育机构实施,旨在确保学生获得“物有所值”的高等教育,其风险监管的主要内容聚焦于学生就读面临的风险及潜在风险。监管采取弹性灵活机制,采用全面评估与重点防控协同、强化监控与行政处罚结合的方式,具体实施过程分为注册风险评估、持续风险监控与风险干预控制三个阶段。借鉴英国高等教育质量风险监管经验,对于我国高等教育质量监管体系的构建有启示意义:探索风险为本的监管内容,兜牢高校办学质量基线;采取弹性灵活的监管机制,营造高校自主发展空间;发展统合管理的监管体制,促进高等教育质量治理现代化;培育学生中心的监管文化,唤醒教育评价本来内涵。

Based on the historical tradition of higher education quality risk management,the UK has initiated a new round of higher education quality supervision reforms in response to social and public quality concerns about the quality of higher education.Adhering to the student-centered approach,UK higher education risk-based quality regulation is implemented for all registered higher education institutions,aiming to ensure that students receive"value for money"higher education.The content of higher education quality risk supervision is the potential risks faced by students,supervision adopts a light touch mechanism,comprehensively evaluates and coordinates with key prevention and control,and uses the methods of monitoring and administrative punishment.It is divided into three stages:registered risk assessment,continuous risk monitoring and risk intervention control.Drawing on the experience of regulatory framework in the UK,Chinese higher education quality supervision system can be enlightened by exploring the risk-based supervision content,securing the quality baseline for universities,adopting a light-touch and flexible supervision mechanism to create a space for independent development of universities,developing an integrated management supervision system to promote the modernization of higher education quality management,and cultivating the supervision culture of the student center to promote the original connotation of education evaluation in higher education.