金属有机框架材料在光催化还原CO_(2)中的应用

Application of Metal-Organic Framework in CO_(2)Photocatalytic Reduction

人类依靠化石燃料来加速现代社会的发展,但化石燃料的过度消耗引发了一系列问题,如严峻的能源危机和环境恶化。例如化石燃料的大量使用导致大气中二氧化碳的含量逐年增加,成为全球温室效应的主要原因。在众多CO_(2)减排的技术中,光催化还原CO_(2)技术不仅可以减少大气中的CO_(2)含量,而且还能通过太阳能将CO_(2)光催化转化为有价值的化学物质,被认为是最有发展前景的技术之一。金属有机框架材料(Metal-organic frameworks,MOFs),也称为多孔配位聚合物,是具有周期性网状结构的三维多孔材料,由无机金属离子(或金属簇)和有机配体组成。MOFs具有大的比表面积、可调节的结构、丰富的催化活性位点、独特的电子能带结构,这些优点使其在光催化还原CO_(2)反应中受到越来越多科研工作者的青睐,应用前景令人看好。目前,用于光催化还原CO_(2)的MOFs材料主要包括单一MOFs光催化剂与基于MOFs的复合光催化剂两类。文章列举了具体实例来说明MOF基光催化材料在还原二氧化碳中的优势和独特性以及提高光催化活性的改进方法。本文归纳了近年来MOF基光催化剂在光催化还原CO_(2)方面的研究进展,讨论了提高MOF基光催化剂(MOFs功能化、半导体/MOFs、光敏剂/MOFs、贵金属/MOFs)用于CO_(2)还原性能的合理方法,探讨了基于MOFs的光催化剂用于CO_(2)还原的挑战和展望。

Although human beings rely on fossil fuels to accelerate the development of modern society,the over-use of fossil fuels has raised a series of problems such as tough energy crisis and environmental exacerbation.Excessive depletion of fossil fuels leads to the sharp increase of CO_(2)content in the atmosphere,which is the main cause of the global greenhouse effect.Among the abundant technologies for reducing CO_(2)emissions,the photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)technology not only reduces the CO_(2)content in the atmosphere,but also converts CO_(2)into valuable chemicals through solar energy,which is considered to be one of the most promising technologies.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),also known as porous coordination polymers,are three-dimensional porous materials with a periodic network structure composed of inorganic metal ions(or metal clusters)and organic ligands.MOFs are particularly promising materials due to large surface area,adjustable structure,unique electronic band structures and abundant catalytic active sites,which make it more and more favored by researchers in the photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2).At present,MOFs used for photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)mainly include single MOFs photocatalyst and composite photocatalyst based on MOFs.The article lists specific examples to illustrate the advantages and uniqueness of MOF-based photocatalytic materials in the reduction of CO_(2)and modified methods to improve photocatalytic activity.This review summarizes recent research progresses in MOF-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2).Besides,it discusses strategies in rational design of MOF-based photocatalysts(MOFs functionalization,semiconductor/MOFs,photosensitizer/MOFs and noble me-tal/MOFs)with enhanced performance on CO_(2)reduction.Moreover,challenges and outlook on using MOFs-based photocatalysts for CO_(2)reduction are also put forward.