胚胎早期发育过程中主要信号通路的作用机制

The Major Signaling Pathways in Early Embryonic Development

胚胎发育始于受精卵,后者经过多次卵裂,胚胎的形态发生变化的同时,内部细胞也向不同谱系分化,为随后原肠胚的形成奠定基础。在胚胎早期发育过程中,多种信号通路参与了精细调控,如Hippo信号通路的差异性激活导致了滋养外胚层(trophectoderm,TE)和内细胞群(inner cell mass,ICM)的分化;成纤维细胞生长因子/细胞外信号调节激酶(fibroblast growth factor/extracellular signal-regulated kinase,FGF/ERK)信号通路使ICM进一步分化为原始内胚层(primitive endoderm,PE)和外胚层(epiblast,EPI);骨形态发生蛋白(bone morphogenetic protein,BMP)信号通路及经典Wnt信号通路不仅与胚胎细胞的多能性相关,还在胚轴的建立中发挥重要作用;Notch信号通路和Nodal信号通路主要参与了胚胎左右不对称的形成等。综述胚胎发育早期的几条主要信号通路的作用,为深入了解胚胎早期发育及其调控提供参考。

Embryonic development begins from the zygote.After multiple cleavages,the embryonic morphology changed,and the internal cells differentiated into the different lineages that laid the foundation for the subsequent formation of gastrula.The various signal pathways participate in the fine regulation of early embryonic development.For example,the differential activation of Hippo signal pathway leads to the differentiation of trophectoderm(TE)and inner cell mass(ICM);fibroblast growth factor/extracellular signal-regulated kinase(FGF/ERK)signaling pathway further differentiated ICM into primitive endoderm(PE)and epiblast(EPI);bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)signaling pathway and classic Wnt signaling pathway are not only related to the pluripotent of embryonic cells,but also play an important role in the establishment of hypocotyls;Notch signaling pathway and Nodal signaling pathway are mainly involved in the formation of left-right asymmetry of embryos.Here we review the role and regulation mechanism of the main signal pathways in early embryonic development,so as to provide reference for the in-depth understanding of the process of early embryonic development and regulation.