左旋肉碱、泛酸、辅酶Q_(10)联合干预有氧运动疲劳模型小鼠的作用及机制

Effects and mechanism of the combined use of L-carnitine,pantothenic acid and coenzyme Q on aerobic exercise-induced fatigue in mice

背景:已有研究证实,左旋肉碱、泛酸、辅酶Q_(10)等营养因子能改善机体能量代谢,是能量转换过程中必不可少的成分,联合使用这3种营养因子是否能产生更好的运动疲劳保护效应,目前还不是很清楚。目的:探讨联合使用左旋肉碱、泛酸、辅酶Q_(10)对小鼠运动性疲劳是否具有改善作用,联合使用的最佳组合方式以及改善运动性疲劳的作用机制。方法:(1)动物分组:雄性ICR小鼠100只,利用正交设计原理,设定4种因素分别为左旋肉碱(A)、泛酸(B)、辅酶Q_(10)(C)营养因子及游泳运动(D),3种剂量水平营养因子分别为水平1(不使用)、水平2(治疗剂量)、水平3(3倍治疗剂量),将小鼠分为9组,另设1组运动对照组,共10组,每组10只小鼠;(2)建立有氧运动疲劳模型:9组小鼠每天负重5%游泳1 h,每周6 d,在第5周结束时,进行一次力竭运动,记录力竭时间,再继续运动1周,实验共6周;营养因子给药方式为运动前1 h经口灌胃;(3)检测指标:实验分为正常对照组、运动对照组及运动联合补充泛酸+辅酶Q_(10)营养因子组(简称运动联合营养因子组,力竭时间最长)3组;第6周末运动结束24 h后,检测小鼠血清尿素氮、血清及肌肉组织超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛的水平。实验方案已于2019-09-15经扬州大学动物科学与技术学院动物伦理委员会批准。结果与结论:(1)对小鼠负重游泳力竭时间的影响:从大到小依次为运动>泛酸>辅酶Q_(10)>左旋肉碱,力竭时间最长的为A1B3C3D2组合方式(运动联合营养因子组);(2)血清尿素氮水平:运动对照组明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05);运动联合营养因子组显著低于运动对照组(P<0.01);(3)血清及肌肉组织超氧化物歧化酶水平:运动对照组小鼠均显著低于正常对照组(均P<0.01);运动联合营养因子组明显高于运动对照组(均P<0.05);(4)血清及肌肉组织丙二醛含量:运动对照组小鼠均明显高于正常对照组(均P<0.05);运动联合营养因子组均明显低于运动对照组(均P<0.05);(5)结果表明,运动联合补充泛酸+辅酶Q_(10)营养因子可以通过加强机体抗氧化能力、降低氧化应激水平,从而延长运动时间,延缓运动性疲劳的发生。

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have confirmed that L-carnitine,pantothenic acid,coenzyme Q_(10)and other nutritional factors can improve the body’s energy metabolism,which are essential components in the energy conversion process.Whether a combination of these three nutritional factors produces better protection against exercise fatigue is not yet clear.OBJECTIVE:To explore whether the combined use of L-carnitine,pantothenic acid,and coenzyme Q_(10)can improve exercise-induced fatigue in mice,the best combination and the mechanism of improvement in exercise-induced fatigue.METHODS:(1)Animal grouping:Using the principle of orthogonal design,90 male ICR mice were divided into 10 groups according to different nutritional factors(L-carnitine(A),pantothenic acid(B),and coenzyme Q_(10)(C)),different dosages(dose 1:no use;dose 2:therapeutic dose;dose 3:three times the therapeutic dose),and whether to swim training or not(D).Another 10 mice were enrolled in exercise control group.(2)Establishment of an aerobic exerciseinduced fatigue model:All the mice swam for 1 hour with 5%weight per day,6 days a week,for 6 weeks.At the end of the 5 th week,the mice in the former nine groups were performed with an exhaustion swimming and the exhaustion time was recorded.Nutritional factors were administered by oral gavage 1 hour before exercise.(3)Detection index:There were three experimental groups:normal control group,exercise control group,and exercise+pantothenic acid+Q_(10)group(exercise+nutritional factor group with the longest duration of exhaustion).At 24 hours after the end of 6-week exercise,the levels of blood urea nitrogen,superoxide dismutase,and malondialdehyde in serum and muscle tissue were detected.This experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Yangzhou University on September 15,2019.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Effects on weight-bearing swimming exhaustion time were ranked as follows:exercise>pantothenic acid>coenzyme Q_(10)>L-carnitine.The group with the longest exhaustion time was A1 B3 C3 D2 combination(exercise+nutritional factor group).(2)The blood urea nitrogen level of the exercise control group was significantly higher than the normal control group(P<0.05).The blood urea nitrogen level of exercise+nutritional factor group was significantly lower than that of the exercise control group(P<0.01).(3)The superoxide dismutase levels in serum and muscle tissue of the exercise control group were significantly lower than those of the normal control group(both P<0.01).The superoxide dismutase levels in serum and muscle tissue of the exercise+nutritional factor group were significantly higher than those of the exercise control group(both P<0.05).(4)The malondialdehyde levels in serum and muscle tissue of the exercise control group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group(both P<0.05).The malondialdehyde levels in serum and muscle tissue of the exercise+nutritional factor group were significantly lower than those of the exercise control group(both P<0.05).To conclude,exercise combined with pantothenic acid+nutritional factors strengthens the body’s antioxidant capacity and reduces oxidative stress levels,thereby prolonging exercise time and delaying the occurrence of exercise-induced fatigue.