新冠肺炎疫情大流行对国际科技发展的影响及其启示

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Science and Technology Development Worldwide and Its Enlightenment

新冠肺炎疫情大流行对世界各国的人口健康、经济、社会、安全等方面,以及全球化进程都产生了灾难性的影响,同时也对全球科技发展提出了新的重大创新需求。应对世纪疫情的挑战,美国、英国、德国、法国、日本、俄罗斯等科技强国及欧盟都不断尝试利用科技创新转“危”为“机”,积极在前沿技术、数字经济、生物技术与生物安全、气候环境等领域进行战略布局,加快促进经济复苏。文章在介绍这些国家和地区科技战略新动向的基础上,归纳出全球在关注前沿技术、推进数字经济、重视生物安全与生命健康、强调保护气候环境等方面的共性战略谋划,并总结出数字化、智能化、人本化、生态化和国家化五大发展特点。在此基础上,为我国前瞻性布局科技发展战略提出建议:摆脱疫情影响,实现科技自主自立自强;制定国家数字经济战略,推动经济社会数字转型;关注生命健康,大力推进健康中国建设;转变发展方式,坚持生态环境绿色发展。

The COVID-19 pandemic has catastrophically affected the economy,society,security,and health around the world,and it has also put forward the new requirements for the development of science and technology.Since then,many countries and regions,such as the United States,the United Kingdom,Germany,France,Japan,Russia,and European Union,have tried to solve the“dangers”and seek the“opportunities”by applying and developing science and technology.Therefore,these countries and regions are ambitious on scientific and technological strategic arrangements in digital economy,cutting-edge technology,biosafety,climate and environment,in order to accelerate economic recovery.With the introduction of the new trends of science and technology strategies in these countries and regions,this study summarizes the common strategic layouts on paying attention to cutting-edge technologies,advancing the digital economy,focusing on biosafety and health,and emphasizing the protection of the climate and environment,which shows five features,as digital,intelligent,human-oriented,ecological and national.Thus,we put forward suggestions for China’s forward-looking strategic layout of science and technology development:getting rid of the impact of the pandemic with the self-reliance and independent development of science and technology;formulating a data strategy to promote economic and social digital transformation;focusing on life and health to vigorously promote the construction of Healthy China;changing the development mode and persisting green development on ecology.