冀东花生产区土壤肥力现状与推荐施肥量

Present Status of Soil Fertility and Recommended Fertilization of Peanut in East Hebei Province

为全面了解冀东花生产区农田土壤肥力状况和施肥现状,提出优化施肥技术方案,利用2009-2019年冀东地区肥力调查和肥料效应试验的数据,对土壤肥力现状、施肥现状和优化施肥量进行了分析。结果表明:冀东花生产区土壤pH值平均为6.8,呈微酸性;有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾平均含量分别为14.4 g/kg、0.91 g/kg、44.6 mg/kg和97.9 mg/kg,肥力处于中等偏低水平;有效铁、有效锰、有效铜和有效锌平均含量分别为46.7、29.3、1.9和2.4 mg/kg,处于较高水平,但样本各元素含量差异(变异系数67.7%-86.2%)均较大,部分地区仍可能存在潜在的元素缺乏状态;有效硼平均含量为0.8 mg/kg,有效钼平均含量仅0.07 mg/kg,均处于较低水平,不能满足花生高产的需求。冀东花生产区,农户的N、P2O5、K2O平均施肥量分别为173.3、102.7和116.5 kg/hm2;根据“3414”肥料试验确定的N、P2O5、K2O推荐施肥量分别为128.4、64.0和82.8 kg/hm2,与当地农户的N、P2O5、K2O平均施肥量相比分别降低了25.9%、37.7%和28.9%。

In order to fully understand the status of farmland soil fertility and fertilization status in the peanut production area in east of Hebei Province,and make optimized fertilization plan for peanut planting,the soil fertility status,fertilization status and optimized fertilization amount were analyzed by using the data of fertility survey and fertilizer effect test in east Hebei from 2009 to 2019.The results showed that the average pH value of soil in peanut production area in east Hebei was 6.8,which was slightly acidic.The average contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were 14.4 g/kg,0.91 g/kg,44.6 mg/kg and 97.9 mg/kg,respectively.The average contents of available iron,available manganese,available copper and available zinc were 46.7,29.3,1.9 and 2.4 mg/kg,respectively,which were at a high level,but the differences in the contents of various elements were large(coefficient of variation was 67.7%-86.2%),and there may still be potential element deficiency in some areas.The average content of available boron was 0.8 mg/kg,and the average content of available molybdenum was only 0.07 mg/kg,which was at a low level and could not meet the high yield requirement of peanut.The average fertilization rates of N,P2O5 and K2O were 173.3,102.7 and 116.5 kg/hm2 respectively in east Hebei.The recommended fertilization rates of N,P2O5 and K2O determined according to the 3414 fertilizer test were 128.4,64.0 and 82.8 kg/hm2 respectively,which reduced by 25.9%,37.7%and 28.9%respectively compared with the fertilization rate of local farmers.