留守经历与外来工社会融合——生命历程视角的检视及其启示

Left-Behind Experience and Social Integration of Migrants:An Empirical Study from Perspective of Life Course and Its Implications

既有的留守儿童研究缺乏童年期留守经历如何影响成年后社会融合的探讨,而关于外来工社会融合的研究,则缺乏从生命历程视角对留守经历这一童年成长轨迹的关注。文章基于2385名新生代外来工的调查数据,从经济融合、社会适应及心理融合这三个维度分析了留守经历对社会融合的影响及其作用机制。结果表明,留守经历对经济融合有双向作用、对心理融合也有显著影响、对社会适应则无显著效应。此外,不同时段的留守经历对经济融合和心理融合产生了差异化影响,青春期阶段的留守经历对经济融合有消极效应,但青春期前的留守反而因父辈外出的经济效应占优而具积极作用,表现出明显的时间窗效应;留守时间越长,对心理融合的消极影响越大,表现出明显的时间累积效应。上述发现启示我们,对于不同阶段和不同状态的留守儿童,需有针对性地关注其不同类型的发展需求和支持需要,提供差异化的精准关爱和支持。

Existing studies on left-behind children lack discussion on how left-behind experiences in childhood affect social integration after adulthood,while studies on social integration of migrant workers lack attention to the childhood growth trajectory of“left-behind experience”from the perspective of life course.Based on the survey data of 2385 new-generation migrant workers,this paper analyzes the influence of left-behind experiences on social integration and its mechanism from three dimensions:economic integration,social adaptation and psychological integration.The results show that the left-behind experience has a two-way effect on economic integration,a significant effect on psychological integration,but no significant effect on social adaptation.In addition,the left-behind experiences in different periods have different impacts on economic integration and psychological integration.The left-behind experiences in adolescence have a negative effect on economic integration,while the left-behind experiences before adolescence have a positive effect on economic integration due to the dominant economic effects of parents’going out.The longer the stay time,the greater the negative impact on psychological integration.The above findings suggest that for left-behind children at different stages and in different states,targeted attention should be paid to their different types of development needs and support needs,and differentiated precise care and support should be provided.