我国综合工时制工时标准之立法完善--用人单位时间支配权与劳动者休息权再界分

The Legislative Improvement of the Working Time Standards of Comprehensive Working Time in China:Re-division of Employers’Time Control and Workers’Right to Rest

综合工时制在灵活化工作时间的同时,还使用人单位对工作时间的支配权扩张至所有时间段,打破了标准工时制建立起来的权利、义务平衡状态,需要有效工时标准介入,以重新界分用人单位的时间支配权与劳动者的休息权。我国现行综合工时制工时标准不健全,存在计时周期过长、最长工作时间标准和最短休息时间标准缺失的问题,为用人单位利用综合工时制损害劳动者合法权益提供了机会空间。对比和借鉴压缩工作周、工时账户和年化工时这三种域外实施得比较成功的综合工时制模式,我国综合工时制立法应有条件地限缩计时周期,增设每日最长工作时间、延长工作时间标准,辅之以最短休息时间标准,在保障灵活性的基础上,重塑用人单位与劳动者之间的权利、义务平衡结构。

While realizing the flexibility of working hours,the comprehensive working time also expands the employers’time control rights to all time periods,breaking the balance of rights and obligations established by the standard working time.This requires the intervention of effective working time standards to reallocate the boundary between employers’time control rights and workers’rest rights.The standards of working time in China’s current comprehensive working time are not perfect.There are some problems,such as too long adjustment period,lack of maximum working time standards and minimum rest time standards,which gives employers the opportunity to use the comprehensive working time to damage the legitimate rights and interests of workers.Learning from three types of comprehensive working time that have been successfully implemented abroad,including compressed workweek,working hour account and annualized hours,the legislation of China’s comprehensive working time should conditionally limit the adjustment period,add standard of the maximum daily working time and extension of working time,supplemented by the standards of minimum rest time,so as to reshape the right balance structure of both employers and workers on the basis of ensuring flexibility.