“情况证据”在事实认定中的运用研究

Research on the Application of“Circumstantial Evidence”in Fact-finding

情况证据作为英美法系中与直接证据对应的一个概念,在一定程度上与我国证据法意义上的间接证据相似,但英美法系中的事实类、背景类“情况证据”,在我国未能被正确认识,这类证据可依靠经验法则适用于辅助判定某类情形更加确信或者不可信。“情况证据”有内部微相型与外部环境型两大类表现形式。“情况证据”在事实认定中有验证、佐证及阐明背景的运用价值,“情况证据”具有证据材料与证据材料推论之事实的双重属性,通过证据到证据事实实现对待证事实的证明。“情况证据”在事实认定中的规范运用需遵循关联性、推论可反驳及排除合理怀疑规则。

Circumstantial evidence as the corresponding a concept to direct evidence in the Anglo-American law system,To a certain extent similar to the evidence law in the sense of indirect evidence in our country,but the fact of Anglo-American law system,background"evidence",in our country has not been correct understanding,such evidence can rely on the rule of thumb is suitable for the auxiliary decision certain situations more confident or not to be trusted.There are two types of manifestation of“circumstantial evidence”:internal microfacies and external environment.“Circumstantial evidence”has the application value of verifying,supporting and clarifying the background in fact determination.“Circumstantial evidence”has the dual attributes of evidence material and fact inferred from evidence material,and it can be proved to factum probandum through evidence to factum probans.The standard application of“circumstantial evidence”in fact determination should follow the rules of relevance,inference rebuttable and beyond reasonable doubt.