长江经济带生态修复示范关键技术及其应用

Key technology of ecological restoration demonstration in the Yangtze River Economic Zone and its application

围绕长江大保护,笔者近年探索形成滨海盐碱地、长江滨岸湿地、沿江化工污染场地、重金属污染场地和废弃矿山等5种类型生态修复示范关键技术,取得重要进展和应用成效:(1)探索形成南通滨海盐碱地“工程、结构、生物和农艺改良”等关键技术体系,建立了盐碱地水-盐运移环境实时动态监测体系,实现海水稻、玉米和油菜等系列农产品产业化,有效服务沿海地区盐碱地优质利用与国土空间规划。(2)提出江苏启东长江沿江湿地“生境优化、植物优选、多样性调控”综合生态修复技术,形成湿地休闲观光区、湿地生物多样性保护区和湿地尾水深度净化区等三大生态功能区,修复成果取得较好生态与社会效益。(3)创新有机污染探测技术,查明某典型化工园区地下“隐性”污染,精确圈定主要污染物深度,明确以硝基苯、苯、苯胺等为主的污染物类型,提出了污染修复深化建议,得到当地市政府、环保部门采纳建议方案,有效支撑服务有机化工废弃场地再开发。(4)研发耐镉转基因特有植物材料与高效修复功能微生物,探索形成沿江高镉土壤微生物-植物互作修复模式,为下一步微生物改良剂研制和规模化修复奠定重要基础。(5)形成云南安宁磷矿尾矿堆场生态修复和四川攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿尾矿资源化、减量化利用关键技术,有力支撑废弃矿山生态保护修复和尾矿资源化利用。

The key demonstration technology for ecological restoration of five types of ecological environments was explored to protect ecological environment of the Yangtze River,including coastal saline-alkali land,coastal wetland of the Yangtze River,chemical pollution sites along the Yangtze River,heavy metal pollution sites and abandoned mines.Through the construction of"engineering,structure,biology and agronomic improvement"and other key technology systems of coastal saline-alkali land,the real-time dynamic monitoring system of water-salt migration environment in coastal saline-alkali land has been established,and the industrialization of a series of agricultural products such as sea rice,corn and canola has been realized,which effectively serve the high-quality utilization and territorial space planning of coastal saline-alkali land.The comprehensive ecological restoration technology of"habitat optimization,plant selection and diversity control"was proposed for the wetlands along the Yangtze River in Qidong,Jiangsu Province.Three ecological function areas,namely wetland leisure and sightseeing area,wetland biodiversity protection area and wetland tailwater deep purification area,were formed.The restoration results achieved good ecological and social benefits.Some progress and results have been made,including innovation of organic pollution detection technology,identification of underground"hidden"pollution of one typical chemical park,accurate delineation of main pollutants depth,and clarification of aniline nitrobenzene and benzene.The proposed suggestions on deepening pollution remediation have been adopted by the local municipal government and environmental protection departments to effectively support and serve the redevelopment of abandoned organic chemical sites.Develop cadmium-resistant transgenic specific plant materials and highly effective remediation microorganisms were developed to explore the formation of a microbial-plant interaction remediation mode in high-cadmium soil along the Yangtze River,which lay an important foundation for the development of microbial amendments and large-scale remediation in the future.The developed key technologies for ecological restoration of Anning phosphate tailings storage yard in Yunnan and resource utilization and reduction of vanadium titanomagnetite tailings in Panzhihua of Sichuan strongly support ecological protection and restoration of abandoned mines and resource utilization of tailings.