子宫内膜息肉的诊治进展

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of endometrial polyps

子宫内膜息肉是子宫内膜基底层局部过度生长所致的宫腔赘生物,大小不等,数量可单个或多个,主要由内膜腺体、纤维间质和厚壁血管构成。70%~80%的子宫内膜息肉表现为经间期出血、月经过多、经期延长或不规则出血,极少数息肉可发生恶变。子宫内膜息肉的发病机制可能与激素及受体异常、增值凋亡失衡、遗传与炎症等有关。根据患者的症状、妇科检查和超声检查可初步做出诊断,确诊需在宫腔镜下摘除行病理检查。其治疗目前尚无统一规范,有保守治疗和手术治疗,现就子宫内膜息肉诊治进展的研究现状做一综述。

Endometrial polyps are growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus that extend into the uterine cavity,and caused by overgrowth of the cells in the endometrium.They vary in size and can be single or multiple in number.They are mainly composed of endometrial glands,fibrous interstitium and thick-walled blood vessels.About 70%-80%of endometrial polyps show intermenstrual bleeding,excessive menstruation,prolonged menstrual period or irregular bleeding,and very few polyps can develop malignant changes.The pathogenesis of endometrial polyps may be related to abnormal hormones and receptors,imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis,heredity and inflammation.Symptoms,gynecological examination and ultrasound examination can make a preliminary diagnosis,and the final diagnosis needs to be made based on pathological examination after hysteroscopic resection.There are no unified standards for their treatment,including conservative treatment and surgical treatment.This paper reviews the progress of diagnosis and treatment of endometrial polyps.