重建个人所有制:基于劳动力所有权的解读

Re-establishing Individual Ownership:An Interpretation Based on Labor Ownership

“重新建立个人所有制”是马克思对未来社会所有制形式的理论设想。“重建个人所有制”不仅意味着生产资料层面的“个人所有”,还要实现劳动力所有形式的“否定之否定”,才有可能在物化劳动和活劳动双重意义上扬弃私有财产,从而将全人类的解放建立在“人的全面发展”的微观基础上。通过梳理学界在该问题上的代表性观点,将劳动力所有权纳入分析视野,从“劳动力个人所有”与“劳动社会占有”两个维度提炼了“重新建立个人所有制”的理论内涵,概括了“重新建立个人所有制”的理论形态和现实形态,即萌芽的现实形态、局部的半完成形态以及可能的发展形态,并分别以华为公司、塘约道路和网约车平台为例,刻画了个人所有制的三种现实形态的运行机制。要推动个人所有制现实形态向理论形态转变,就应在生产资料和劳动力两个层面上“重新建立个人所有制”,以进一步探索和丰富公有制经济的实现形式,特别是要关注信息技术条件下劳动力个人所有和社会占有新的结合方式。

“Re-establishing individual ownership”is an assumption about the form of future social ownership proposed by Marx.“Re-establishing individual ownership”not only means“individual ownership”from the point of means of production,but also needs to achieve“negative negation”of the forms of ownership of labor force.This makes it possible to sublate private property in the dual sense of materialized labor and living labor,thus realizing the liberation of all mankind based on the micro basis of“people’s all-round development”.By sorting out the representative views of the academic community on this issue,this paper analyses labor ownership,refines the theoretical connotation of“re-establishing individual ownership”from the two dimensions of“individual ownership of labor force”and“social possession of labor force”and summarizes the theoretical and practical form of“re-establishing individual ownership”,which is the realistic form of germination,the partially semi-completed form and the possible development form.It also takes Huawei,Tangyuedaolu and online car hailing platforms as examples,depicting the operation mechanism of three practical forms of individual ownership.To promote the transformation from the actual form of individual ownership to the theoretical form,we should“re-establishing individual ownership”at the two levels of the means of production and labor force,so as to further explore and enrich the realization form of public ownership economy.We should especially pay attention to the new combination of individual ownership of labor force and social possession of labor under the condition of information technology.